Laparoscopic guided local injection in the X-linked muscular dystrophy mouse (mdx) diaphragm. An advance in experimental therapies for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Abstract

PURPOSE:To investigate the development of a laparoscopy technique for local injection into the X-linked muscular dystrophy (mdx) diaphragm. METHODS:It was used 10 mice Balb/C57 and 5 mdx mice and three differents decubitus type were tested: the right lateral, supine, and supine decubitus with 20 degrees elevation of the forelimb. Abdominal caudal face and the 10 intercostal space were tested as spot to introduce the needle into the diaphragm. RESULTS:Supine position with elevation of 20 degrees forelimb and the 10th intercostal space are the beneficial position to apply a local injection. CONCLUSION:It was proved to be possible to perform the laparoscopy technique in the X-linked muscular dystrophy diaphragm and this requires a specific position and technique during the surgery.

Relevant aspects of golden retriever muscular dystrophy for the study of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in humans

“…compatible with human boys with DMD (NGUYEN et al, 2002;BANKS & CHAMBERLAIN, 2008;LESSA et al, 2014). The major ultrastructural findings in DGR dogs included dilatation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, hypercontracted fibers, necrosis, degeneration of subsarcolemmal areas, and cytoplasmic disorganization (VALENTINE et al, 1990).…”

Mast cells in the pathophysiology of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in Golden Retriever dogs

“…However, the diaphragm of human DMD patients is the most affected muscle in adulthood. These structural deformities likely result from confinement to a wheelchair (Lessa et al 2014b). Therefore, the degree of lesion in the diaphragm of DMD patients could be associated with age.…”