Laos: Politics in a Single-party State

Stuart–Fox, Martin

doi:10.1355/seaa07h

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Phouxay et al ., ; Howe and Sims, ; Lao Social Indicator Survey, ). While previous research has identified motivations for urbanisation, such as seeking employment, education or higher standards of living (see Stuart‐Fox, ; Phouxay et al ., ; Howe and Sims, ; Estudillo et al ., ), this study indicates the importance of first understanding the rationale behind these motivations. Moreover, the suggested superiority of Luang Prabang over participant hometowns may obscure the difficulties students face after urbanising.…”

Section: Discussion: the Criticality Of Reciprocity Between Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While 60% of the population lives in rural settings, annual urbanisation rates are high at over 4% (United Nations, 2015;CIA World Factbook, 2017). There are various push and pull factors identified as causes of urbanisation in Laos, including opportunities for employment, higher incomes and education (Stuart-Fox, 2007;Phouxay et al, 2010). Reasons for leaving rural areas include decreases in farmland sizes, lack of economic opportunities and low standards of living (Howe and Sims, 2011;Estudillo et al, 2013).…”

Section: Background To the Lao Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a notable ‘ethnic hierarchy’ with the ethnic Lao at the apex (Evans, ), likely contributing to educational inequalities for the smaller ethnic groups, which are exacerbated by geographic isolation and enforced resettlement (see Kampe, ; Stuart‐Fox, ; Howe and Sims, ; Rigg, ; Faming, ). Ethnic Lao are the most likely to urbanise as ethnic minorities resist urbanisation due to fears of discrimination and lack of means to move (Stuart‐Fox, ). Educational migration is also fraught with ethic socio‐cultural hierarchical difficulties as rural youth are often marginalised as poor and of lower social hierarchy regardless of their educational achievements (Faming, ).…”

Section: Background To the Lao Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the secondary school net attendance ratio is reported at 45% (Lao Social Indicator Survey, ). Children of the elite and wealthy, of educated parents, living in urban areas, and of the Lao ethnic and linguistic majority have the highest literacy scores and enrolment and attendance rates, with these patterns of inequalities perpetuated over generations (Stuart‐Fox, , ; Lao Social Indicator Survey, ; Estudillo et al ., ). This is likely closely related to the history of the Lao education system being built around Buddhist monastic and Westernised elite education (Rehbein, ; McDaniel, ).…”

Section: Background To the Lao Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Lao education system is constrained by lack of funding, underqualified teachers and inadequate infrastructure and resources (Rehbein, ; Moxom and Hayden, ; Lafont et al ., ). Less than 3% of the country's gross domestic product (GDP) is spent on education, proportionately lower than most other ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) member countries (Stuart‐Fox, , ; United Nations, ); however, a rise in public spending on education has been observed (Warr et al ., ). The Lao Government has pledged to increase the allocated budget on education and has prioritised education in the Sixth National Socio‐Economic Development Plan (IMF, ; Estudillo et al ., ).…”

Section: Background To the Lao Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The critical need for reciprocity between educational migrants and communities for continuing education and socio‐cultural capital in Laos

Langill

Willis

2019

Asia Pacific Viewpoint

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Reciprocity between student success and community support has emerged as a strong theme in a phenomenological case study that was conducted amongst post‐primary educational migrant students1 in Laos. Students clearly articulated their dependence upon community support and the ways in which they gave back to their communities in exchange for their continuing education. The descriptions of their experiences were indicative of hierarchical interdependence and highlighted the effects of urbanisation on educational migrants and their lifelong learning. This study draws on Bourdieu's capital theory to understand community and reciprocity as indicators of cultural and social capital. Findings revealed that building relationships between students and their communities is essential to advancing post‐primary education in Laos.

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Section: Discussion: the Criticality Of Reciprocity Between Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Background To the Lao Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Background To the Lao Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Background To the Lao Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Background To the Lao Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The critical need for reciprocity between educational migrants and communities for continuing education and socio‐cultural capital in Laos

Langill

Willis

2019

Asia Pacific Viewpoint

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Environmental justice and REDD+ safeguards in Laos: Lessons from an authoritarian political regime

Ramcilovic‐Suominen

Carodenuto

McDermott

et al. 2021

Ambio

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Balancing agendas for climate mitigation and environmental justice continues to be one of the key challenges in climate change governance mechanisms, such as Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+). In this paper we apply the three-dimensional environmental justice framework as a lens to examine the REDD+ process in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Laos) and the REDD+ social safeguards. We focus particularly on challenges to justice faced by marginalized communities living in forest frontier areas under an authoritarian regime. Drawing on policy analysis and open-ended interviews across different policy levels, we explore procedural, distributional, and recognitional justice across the REDD+ policy levels in Laos. We find that REDD+ social safeguards have been applied by both donors and state actors in ways that facilitate external control. We underscore how authoritarian regime control over civil society and ethnic minority groups thwarts justice. We also highlight how this political culture and lack of inclusiveness are used by donors and project managers to implement their projects with little political debate. Further obstacles to justice relate to limitations inherent in the REDD+ instrument, including tight schedules for dealing with highly sensitive socio-political issues under social safeguards. These findings echo other research but go further in questioning the adequacy of safeguards to promote justice under a nationally driven REDD+. We highlight the importance of recognition and political context, including aspects such as power relations, self-determination and self-governance of traditional or customary structures, in shaping justice outcomes.

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Party, State and the Control of Information in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Secrecy, Falsification and Denial

Baird

2018

Journal of Contemporary Asia

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Laos: Politics in a Single-party State

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

The critical need for reciprocity between educational migrants and communities for continuing education and socio‐cultural capital in Laos

The critical need for reciprocity between educational migrants and communities for continuing education and socio‐cultural capital in Laos

Environmental justice and REDD+ safeguards in Laos: Lessons from an authoritarian political regime

Party, State and the Control of Information in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Secrecy, Falsification and Denial

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