“…[1][2][3][4][5] Recently, what make ferroelectrics new interesting are their ferroelectric-photo, 6 ferroelectric-elastic, 7 ferroelectric-elastic-magnetic, 8 ferroelectric-mechanical 9, 10 integration and/or coupling, which can lead to a remarkable progress with numerous new materials and devices for photovoltaic 6 and spintronic applications, 8 opticalelectro-mechano actuator and sensor applications. 9,10 Along with the intensive development of ferroelectric materials and devices with multiple functions, we have developed praseodymium (Pr 3+ ) doped optical-electorally integrated ferroelectrics which showed novel photoluminescence while retaining strong ferroelectric properties, they are BaTiO 3 -CaTiO 3 : Pr, 10-12 Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 : Pr, 13 Na 0.5 K 0.5 NbO 9 : Pr, 14 2-, where A is a large 12-coordinate cation and B is a small 6-coordinate cation with a d 0 electron configuration; A can be mono-, di-, or trivalent ions or a mixture of them, B represents tetra-, penta-, or hexavalent ions, and the subscripts m and m-1 are the numbers of oxygen octahedron and pseudo-perovskite units in the pseudo-perovskite layers, respectively.…”