Lanthanoid abundances of acidic hot spring and crater lake waters in the Kusatsu-shirane volcano region, Japan.

Kikawada, Yoshikazu; Oi, Takao; Honda, Teruko; Ossaka, Tomoko; Kakihana, Hidétaké

doi:10.2343/geochemj.27.19

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Kikawada et al, 1993). However, according to Kurasawa (1993), acid fluid was found in the 55GT-2 borehole in the tuff and mudstone layer (1244-1259 m) just below the Montmorillonite-containing layer, with the core samples of the Montmorillonite showing a pH of 9.1-9.5.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been intensive geochemical studies on volcanic fluids and gases with special reference to the largest crater lake, Yugama (see Kikawada et al, 1993;Sano et al, 1994;Hirabayashi, 1999;Ohba et al, 1994Ohba et al, , 2000. Ohba et al (2000) demonstrated the origins and the mixing processes of volcanic fluids and gases along a profile extending across the Kusatsu-Shirane volcano based on isotope data of hydrogen and oxygen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two electrical conductors beneath Kusatsu-Shirane volcano, Japan, imaged by audiomagnetotellurics, and their implications for the hydrothermal system

et al. 2006

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Kusatsu-Shirane volcano, Japan, is known for its active phreatic eruptions. We have investigated its hydrothermal system by conducting audio-magnetotelluric soundings at 22 stations along a profile that extends across the volcano. The final two-dimensional model is characterized by two conductors. One is a 300-to 1000-m-thick conductor of 1-10 m, which is located on the eastern slope and covered with 200-m-thick resistive layers of Kusatsu-Shirane lava and pyroclastics. This conductor indicates the presence of a Montmorillonite-rich layer of Pliocene volcanic rocks that may function both as an impermeable floor for the shallow fluid path from the peak to the hot springs to the east and as an impermeable cap for the deeper fluid path from the summit region to the foot of the volcano. The second conductor is found at a depth of 1-2 km from the surface, at the peak of the volcano, and its resistivity is as low as 1 m or less. This low resistivity can be explained by fluids containing high concentrations of chloride and sulfate which were supplied from the magmatic gases. Micro-earthquakes cluster above this conductor, and the cut-off of the earthquakes corresponds to the top of the conductor. This conductor infers the presence of the fluid reservoir, and the upward release of these fluids from the reservoir through the conduit presumably triggers the micro-earthquakes at the peak area of the volcano. Crustal deformation modeling using GPS and leveling data of the past 10 years revealed that the center of the deflation coincides with the top of the second conductor, indicating that the fluid reservoir itself can be hosting the deformation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two electrical conductors beneath Kusatsu-Shirane volcano, Japan, imaged by audiomagnetotellurics, and their implications for the hydrothermal system

et al. 2006

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“…7). The positive correlation between total REE concentration and Al + Fe has been shown by Kikawada et al (1993) in acid waters of the Kisatsu-Shirane area in Japan. We have a similar correlation for acid waters from both volcanoes and the coastal springs.…”

Section: Rare Earth Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry and solute fluxes of volcano-hydrothermal systems of Shiashkotan, Kuril Islands

Kalacheva

Taran

Котенко

2015

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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Shiashkotan Island belongs to the Northern Kuril island arc and consists of two joined volcanoes, Sinarka and Kuntomintar, with about 18 km of distance between the summits. Both volcanoes are active, with historic eruptions, and both emit fumarolic gases. Sinarka volcano is degassing through the extrusive dome with inaccessible strong and hot (N400°C) fumaroles. A large fumarolic field of the Kuntomintar volcano situated in a wide eroded caldera-like crater hosts many fumarolic vents with temperatures from boiling point to 480°C. Both volcanoes are characterized by intense hydrothermal activity discharging acid SO 4 -Cl waters, which are drained to the Sea of Okhotsk by streams. At least 4 groups of near-neutral Na-Mg-Ca-Cl-SO 4 springs with temperatures in the range of 50-80°C are located at the sea level, within tide zones and discharge slightly altered diluted seawater. Volcanic gas of Kuntomintar as well as all types of hydrothermal manifestations of both volcanoes were collected and analyzed for major and trace elements and water isotopes. Volcanic gases are typical for arc volcanoes with 3 He/ 4 He corrected for air contamination up to 6.4 R a (R a = 1.4 × 10 −6 , the air ratio) and δ 13 C (CO 2 ) within −10‰ to −8 ‰ VPDB. Using a saturation indices approach it is shown that acid volcanic waters are formed at a shallow level, whereas waters of the coastal springs are partially equilibrated with rocks at~180°C. Trace element distribution and concentrations and the total REE depend on the water type, acidity and Al + Fe concentration. The REE pattern for acidic waters is unusual but similar to that found in some acidic crater lake waters. The total hydrothermal discharge of Cl and S from the island associated with volcanic activity is estimated at ca. 20 t/d and 40 t/d, respectively, based on the measurements of flow rates of the draining streams and their chemistry. The chemical erosion of the island by surface and thermal waters is estimated at 27 and 140 ton/km 2 /year, respectively, which is 2-3 times lower than chemical erosion of tropical volcanic islands.

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“…10). Hot spring water in the subaerial environments is also characterized by flat REE patterns and low REE concentrations (Michard et al, 1987;Kikawada et al, 1993Kikawada et al, , 1999, as shown in Figure 9. It is found that REE abundances of hot spring waters increase with decreasing pH (Kikawada et al, 1999).…”

Section: Rees Of Hydrothermal Fluids Of Meteoric Water Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare Earth Elements as an Indicator to Origins of Skarn Deposits: Examples of the Kamioka Zn‐Pb and Yoshiwara‐Sannotake Cu(–Fe) Deposits in Japan

Kato

1999

Resource Geology

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: Systematic data of rare earth elements (REEs) are presented in order to put some constraints on the origin of hydrothermal fluids responsible for two contrastive skarn deposits in Japan; the Kamioka Zn‐Pb and Yoshiwara‐Sannotake Cu(‐Fe) deposits. Carbon and oxygen isotopic studies have demonstrated that the hydrothermal fluids responsible for the Kamioka Zn‐Pb deposits are of meteoric water origin whereas those for the Yoshiwara‐Sannotake Cu(‐Fe) deposits are of magmatic water origin. The REE abundances of epidote skarn derived from aluminous rocks, garnet and clinopyroxene in calcic exoskarn derived from limestone, and interstitial calcite associated with sulfide minerals were determined for these contrastive skarn deposits by inductively‐coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). A significant difference in the REE concentrations is not found between epidote skarn and aluminous original rock (plagioclase‐clinopyroxene rock, called Inishi rock) from the Kamioka Zn‐Pb deposits, indicating that the REEs are generally immobile during the formation of epidote skarn, and that the REE concentrations of the hydrothermal fluid are considerably low relative to the aluminous original rock. In contrast, the epidote skarn exhibits enrichment of Eu with increasing total REE concentrations relative to the aluminous original rock (quartz diorite) in the Yoshiwara‐Sannotake Cu(‐Fe) deposits, implying a contribution of magmatic fluid derived from granitoids during the skarn formation. Limestone generally has much lower REE concentrations related to surrounding aluminous rocks, and thus the REE concentrations of garnet and clinopyroxene in calcic exoskarn, originated from limestone, are variable due to the interaction with the hydrothermal fluids. The chondrite‐normalized REE patterns of garnet, clinopyroxene, and interstitial calcite exactly provide useful information on origins of hydrothermal fluids. The REE patterns of these minerals from the Kamioka Zn‐Pb deposits show lower (Pr/Yb)cn ratios, and negative Ce and Eu anomalies inherited from limestone with the decrease of This suggests that the hydrothermal fluids responsible for the Kamioka Zn‐Pb deposits were depleted in REEs, and were not magmatic water in origin, but presumably meteoric one. In striking contrast, the REE patterns of exoskarn minerals and calcite from the Yoshiwara‐Sannotake Cu(‐Fe) deposits exhibit a positive Eu anomaly, and high (Pr/Yb)cn ratios with the considerable increase of σREE and the disappearance of negative Ce anomaly, implying that the fluids were dominantly of magmatic origin. The REE indices are very likely to be an excellent indicator to origins of the skarn deposits.

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Lanthanoid abundances of acidic hot spring and crater lake waters in the Kusatsu-shirane volcano region, Japan.

Cited by 27 publications

References 21 publications

Two electrical conductors beneath Kusatsu-Shirane volcano, Japan, imaged by audiomagnetotellurics, and their implications for the hydrothermal system

Two electrical conductors beneath Kusatsu-Shirane volcano, Japan, imaged by audiomagnetotellurics, and their implications for the hydrothermal system

Geochemistry and solute fluxes of volcano-hydrothermal systems of Shiashkotan, Kuril Islands

Rare Earth Elements as an Indicator to Origins of Skarn Deposits: Examples of the Kamioka Zn‐Pb and Yoshiwara‐Sannotake Cu(–Fe) Deposits in Japan

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