“…The hegemony of the national language is evident in policy development in migration contexts around the world. Adami (2015) describes the centralising tradition in France, where, since revolutionary times, French has been promoted as a tool for nation-building in the name of republican universalism. Nicholas (2015) explains how in Australia, where an understanding of cultural pluralism has only recently developed, the learning of English has historically been considered part and parcel of the process of assimilation into an Anglo-Australian culture.…”