Language in relation to a unified theory of the structure of human behavior (2nd rev. ed.).

“Doing Peace”: The Role of Ex-Political Prisoners in Violence Prevention Initiatives in Northern Ireland

“…25 When possible, these labels were chosen to reflect "emic" categories that are likely to preexist in the participants' repertoires, used by social actors themselves to explain certain phenomenon. 26 Three dominant themes were identified in the data: "preventing the transgenerational transmission of political violence," "promoting peace through intra-and intergroup contact," and "promoting restorative principals and capacity building". Each subtheme was considered in relation to the main themes, which related upward to the preceding theme, thus demonstrating the hierarchy of meaning within the data.…”

Intercultural (Im)politeness

“…An emic perspective represents how cultural insiders or members understand things, while an etic perspective stands for the understandings of a cultural outsider (Pike, 1967). In linguistic anthropology, an etic perspective is typically taken to be that of the researcher (Harris, 1976), but in intercultural encounters it also represents the perspective of the cultural "other".…”

Culture, Psychiatry and Cultural Competence

“…How we perceive the other culture is dependent on our view or looking lenses. There are two ways of looking at any given cultural system: Emic and Etic -terms coined by Kenneth Lee Pike, an American linguist and anthropologist in 1954 (Pike, 1967). These are linguistic terms-phonetic (sound of universal language) and phonemic (sound of specific language) respectively.…”