Language Development and Policy in Estonia

Raun, Toivo U.

doi:10.1515/9783110864380-003

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The use and status of South Estonian began to decline, however, as a result of increased efforts to create a single standard written Estonian language in the nineteenth century (Raun, 1985) and from a ban on the instruction and speaking of regional languages in schools during the Soviet occupation of Estonia .…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Identity and Schools in Estonia: Creating a "We" Feeling?

Brown

2008

European Education

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Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Identity and Schools in Estonia: Creating a "We" Feeling?

Brown

2008

European Education

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“…Russification policy did not achieve its goals among Estonians. Russian failed to gain prestige among Estonians, let alone to substitute it in high domains (see Rannut, 1994;Raun, 1985). Prior to 1991, the Russian-speaking community was basically monolingual.…”

Section: Aspects Of Russian-estonian Codeswitchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspects of Russian-Estonian codeswitching: Research perspectives

Verschik

2004

International Journal of Bilingualism

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The article describes codeswitching (CS) as a new phenomenon in modern Russian-Estonian contacts. The author believes that a microsociolinguistic approach developed by Auer, Tabouret-Keller, Le Page, and others allows a flexible analysis and leaves space for linguistic creativity. CS in the post-Soviet setting has not been investigated, and this particular case could contribute to a general understanding of CS patterns. During the past decade both speech communities have become less focused (more diffused). Therefore, a “monolithic view on language” (Backus) has to be replaced by the image of various multilingual and monolingual lects. The shape and properties of lects depend on whether they are used in monolingual-to-monolingual or in multilingual interaction. These lects are not necessarily fully crystallized and differences may be subtle. A new lect, the so-called “market discourse” is developing for Russian-to-Estonian interaction. It utilizes Estonian nouns, adjectives, numerals and discourse markers, whereas VP, word order and combinational properties remain Russian. It is not yet clear whether and how this lect can be placed in Auer's CS-to-language-mixing-to-fused lect continuum.

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“…As early as 1850, the north Estonian midland dialect, which formed the basis for the emerging standard written language, already dominated in book publication with 85 per cent of the total, and a key orthographical reform was fully accepted in the 1870s. It is characteristic that although Jakob Hurt, the most systematic ideologist of Estonian nationalism in the 1860s and 1870s, hailed from southern Estonia, he fully accepted the need for a single, standard language based on northern Estonian (Raun 1985a: 16‐17; Hurt 1939a [1874]: 169). Fifthly, the compact territory inhabited by the Estonians in the northern half of the Baltic Provinces (an area slightly larger than the Netherlands today) as well as their relatively small numbers meant that modern forms of communication, especially railroads which appeared by 1870, and socio‐economic modernisation in general had a rapid impact on Estonian society.…”

Section: Nation Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nineteenth‐ and early twentieth‐century Estonian nationalism revisited

Raun

2003

Nations and Nationalism

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This article revisits the topic of Estonian nationalism during the second half of the nineteenth century and up to the eve of independence in the early twentieth century. It briefly surveys the treatment of the Estonian case in recent larger works on nationalism and then offers an assessment of various issues relating to Estonian nationalism in its early phase, including the suitability of a strictly modernist approach, nation formation and the question of the spread of national consciousness on a mass basis, and the role of cultural versus political aspects. The article also notes the deepening of research on nationalism in post-communist Estonia, especially studies of social mobilisation, ties with neighbouring Finland and Latvia, and the role of Russification. It concludes with a reassessment of the salient elements of Estonian national identity in this period.

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Language Development and Policy in Estonia

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Regional Identity and Schools in Estonia: Creating a "We" Feeling?

Regional Identity and Schools in Estonia: Creating a "We" Feeling?

Aspects of Russian-Estonian codeswitching: Research perspectives

Nineteenth‐ and early twentieth‐century Estonian nationalism revisited

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