Language Areas Involving the Inferior Temporal Cortex on Intraoperative Mapping in a Bilingual Patient With Glioblastoma

Abstract

Fig. 1 Upper row: T 1 -weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images with gadolinium showing a small ring-enhanced mass in the left superior temporal lobe. Lower row: T 2 -weighted MR images revealing the presence of a hyperintense area in the temporal lobe measuring 6 cm in maximal diameter. 256 CASE REPORT AbstractA 40-year-old bilingual man underwent removal of glioblastoma multiforme with intraoperative language mapping, mainly using the picture-naming and auditory responsive-naming tasks under cortical stimulation. Multiple language areas were identified, including one located in the middle of the inferior temporal cortex (ITC). Individual mapping for glioma patients must be performed because language areas might be located in various and unexpected regions, including the ITC.

Language Assessment in Multilingualism and Awake Neurosurgery

“…Połczyñska et al (2016) assessed only one of the languages used most frequently by the patient (L3) via a composite test battery; for L1, L2, and L4 only a naming test was used. In two studies (Kin et al, 2013;Sierpowska et al, 2018) L1 was tested in a variety of tasks, while other languages were either not assessed at all (Kin et al, 2013), or were assessed only through the tasks that were going to be used intraoperatively (Sierpowska et al, 2018). In two studies (Cervenka et al, 2011;Sierpowska et al, 2013) authors only assessed the language for which standardized tests were available.…”

“…Four studies did not report any information on postoperative assessment (Bello et al, 2006;Cervenka et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2013;Połczyñska et al, 2016). In seven studies the postoperative assessment was restricted to language (Roux and Trémoulet, 2002;Lubrano et al, 2004;Roux et al, 2004;Borius et al, 2012;Kin et al, 2013;Gao et al, 2016). In one study (de Macêdo Filho et al, 2020) a complete neurologic examination and the language assessment were performed only after surgery but no information was provided.…”

“…Seven studies used the EHI and additional tests for apraxia, working memory and global screening scales (Bello et al, 2006;Lubrano et al, 2012;Sierpowska et al, 2013Sierpowska et al, , 2018Gao et al, 2015Gao et al, , 2016Fernández-Coello et al, 2017). Three studies provided global screening scales and a few additional tests (Cervenka et al, 2011;Kin et al, 2013;Jain et al, 2019). Połczyñska et al (2016) assessed attention, working memory, and verbal executive abilities but did not report the employed tests.…”