Lane Allocation Optimization in Container Seaport Gate System Considering Carbon Emissions

Abstract

Long queues of arrival trucks are a common problem in seaports, and thus, carbon emissions generated from trucks in the queue cause environmental pollution. In order to relieve gate congestion and reduce carbon emissions, this paper proposes a lane allocation framework combining the truck appointment system (TAS) for four types of trucks. Based on the distribution of arrival times obtained from the TAS, lane allocation decisions in each appointment period are determined in order to minimize the total cost, including the operation cost and carbon emissions cost. The resultant optimization model is a non-linear fractional integer program. This model was firstly transformed to an equivalent integer program with bilinear constraints. Then, an improved branch-and-bound algorithm was designed, which includes further transforming the program into a linear program using the McCormick approximation method and iteratively generating a tighter outer approximation along the branch-and-bound procedure. Numerical studies confirmed the validity of the proposed model and algorithm, while demonstrating that the lane allocation decisions could significantly reduce carbon emissions and operation costs.

Sizing battery energy storage and PV system in an extreme fast charging station considering uncertainties and battery degradation

“…𝐶 𝐵𝐸𝑆𝑆 ' and '𝐷𝑜𝐷 × 𝐶 𝐵𝐸𝑆𝑆 ' respectively given by (36) and(37), which can be linearized using McCormick relaxations. AMcCormick envelope can form the tightest convex hull of bi-linear functions[89]. Interested readers should refer to[90][91][92] for detailed discussions about standard McCormick relaxations and tightening piece-wise McCormick relaxations for bi-linear terms.…”

Improved port gate procedures for a better port-city relation

“…Research topic (Giuliano, O'Brien, 2007); (Maguire, et al, 2010); (Phan, Kim, 2016); (Schulte, et al, 2017); (Jin, et al, 2021) Truck appointment system (TAS) / Vehicle Booking System (VBS) to manage port-related truck traffic and vehicle emissions due to truck idling and to improve terminal productivity initially didn't provide evidence of improvement, but this changed over time (Motono, et al, 2016) Simplification of entry/exit procedures and the elimination of improper documents with the compulsory pre-gate system or early registration procedures. (Minh, Huynh, 2017); (Jin, et al, 2021) Introduction of dedicated gates and/or lane separation (lane allocation systems) for empty trailers arriving to the port.…”

“…Research topic (Giuliano, O'Brien, 2007); (Maguire, et al, 2010); (Phan, Kim, 2016); (Schulte, et al, 2017); (Jin, et al, 2021) Truck appointment system (TAS) / Vehicle Booking System (VBS) to manage port-related truck traffic and vehicle emissions due to truck idling and to improve terminal productivity initially didn't provide evidence of improvement, but this changed over time (Motono, et al, 2016) Simplification of entry/exit procedures and the elimination of improper documents with the compulsory pre-gate system or early registration procedures. (Minh, Huynh, 2017); (Jin, et al, 2021) Introduction of dedicated gates and/or lane separation (lane allocation systems) for empty trailers arriving to the port. (Maguire, et al, 2010); (Meersman, et al, 2012); (Chao, 2017); (Neagoe, et al, 2018); (De la Peña Zarzuelo, et al, 2020) Gate automation procedures and the use of sensors/cameras for driver identification system (DIS), license plate identification system (LPIS) or container number recognition system (CNRS); the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) for real-time monitoring, X-ray inspection area etc.…”

The Effect of Port Gate Location and Gate Procedures on the Port-City Relation

“…Research Topic [49][50][51][52] Truck appointment system (TAS) or Vehicle Booking System (VBS) based on static or dynamic methods can reduce truck queuing time at the terminals gate or on the yard and optimize the appointment quota as well as trucking company performance, especially when trucking companies and terminals collaboratively determine truck schedules and appointments for truck arrivals. [42,53] TAS to reduce empty rides and port related emissions. [54] A multi-server queuing model to measure gate congestion and to quantify costs of congestion at the gates.…”

“…[54] A multi-server queuing model to measure gate congestion and to quantify costs of congestion at the gates. [7,55,56] Longer gate opening hours need to be coordinated with other chain partners but can relieve city and port congestion, although cases show that additional opening hours can be economically unfeasible and the upgrade in the form of flexible opening hours seems more adequate [53,57] Gate layout efficiency differences between pooled and non-pooled queuing strategies, and lane allocation methods to relieve gate congestion.…”