Landscape, Monumentality and Expression of Group Identities in Iron Age and Roman East Kent

Abstract

The Canterbury Hinterland Project (CHP) has combined aerial photographic and LiDAR analysis, synthesis of HER and other data across east Kent with targeted survey south and east of Canterbury. We present possible hillforts, temples, large enclosures, a major trackway, linking paths, burials, and high-status Roman-period complexes and argue that people organized the landscape to communicate meaning in two main ways: a 'public' face oriented towards the Dover-Canterbury road and expressions of ritual and remembrance for local groups. The character of this rural population has traditionally been understood in terms of its relationship to the civitas capital and villas, we look beyond this to examine a more detailed vision of possible social interactions.

NGOs CONTESTATION ON ISLAMIC HIJRI CALENDAR IN URBAN MUSLIM SOCIETY IN INDONESIA: FROM AUTHORITY TO IDENTITY

“…It is customary in the community for Muslims who use the rukyat technique and those who follow the hisab method to be openly linked to Muhammadiyah. Although a group's identity is more frequently discovered than its outward appearance, the thinking, behavior, and attitude are also indicators of a group's identity that are both invisible and glaringly obvious (Wallace & Mullen, 2019). This group identity is formed based on cultural similarity, social life and interests.…”

Making Space for Past Futures: Rural Landscape Temporalities in Roman Britain

“…The examples we will use to explore the theme of the future in the past come from Roman Britain, a context within which there have been relatively few temporalized landscape studies (e.g. Cooper 2016; Eckardt et al 2009; Gardner 2012; Kamash 2016; Wallace & Mullen 2019). Central to any discussion of temporality in Iron Age and Roman-period Britain are the often over-simplified and much debated notions of cultural change and continuity, conventionally subsumed under the banner of the ‘Romanization debate’ (see e.g.…”

“…The trackway and path reflected (and enabled) actions that brought people together, such as worship or sacrifice, mourning, commemorating, and congregating for rural markets or fairs, and can therefore be used to investigate the inscription and embodiment of group identities in the landscape. A brief demonstration of the application of this theoretical orientation follows below in an analysis of the experience of the landscape between the Roman-period burial mounds at Gorsley Wood (excavated in 1882/3: Vine 1883) and the likely Romano-Celtic temple at Bekesbourne (identified through CHP aerial photographic analysis), which were connected by a path (identified in the CHP magnetometry survey of Bourne Park and also through CHP aerial photographic analysis: see Wallace & Mullen 2019; Wallace et al 2016).

Figure 1.Case study area in east Kent showing a selection of Iron Age and Roman-period evidence.

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“…The Canterbury Hinterland Project has collected and synthesized a significant coverage of geophysical survey, aerial photographic and Lidar analysis, antiquarian observations and more recent surface collection, metal-detecting and excavation in the area south and east of Canterbury, which can be used to address these issues (Wallace & Mullen 2019; Wallace et al 2016). In brief, between 2011 and 2017, the project surveyed five areas using primarily gradiometry and micro-topographical survey (covering c. 120 ha), with some targeted areas of electrical resistance, ground-penetrating radar and small-scale excavation and surface collection.…”