Landscape ecology of Trypanosoma cruzi in the southern Yucatan Peninsula

López-Cancino, Sury Antonio; Tun-Ku, Ezequiel; Cruz-Felix, Himmler Keynes De la; Ibarra-Cerdeña, Carlos N.; Izeta-Alberdi, Amaia; Pech-May, Angélica; Mazariegos-Hidalgo, Carlos Jesús; Valdez-Tah, Alba; Ramsey, Janine M.

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.07.021

Cited by 65 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Tcbat and TcI were similarly identified (around 40% each), while TcII identified in Brazil, Colombia and Surinam was less frequent (14.5%), and TcIII and TcIV were very rare (2.7% each) [66, 67]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Over Six Thousand Trypanosoma cruzi Strains Classified into Discrete Typing Units (DTUs): Attempt at an Inventory

2016

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Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, presents wide genetic diversity. Currently, six discrete typing units (DTUs), named TcI to TcVI, and a seventh one called TcBat are used for strain typing. Beyond the debate concerning this classification, this systematic review has attempted to provide an inventory by compiling the results of 137 articles that have used it. A total of 6,343 DTU identifications were analyzed according to the geographical and host origins. Ninety-one percent of the data available is linked to South America. This sample, although not free of potential bias, nevertheless provides today’s picture of T. cruzi genetic diversity that is closest to reality. DTUs were genotyped from 158 species, including 42 vector species. Remarkably, TcI predominated in the overall sample (around 60%), in both sylvatic and domestic cycles. This DTU known to present a high genetic diversity, is very widely distributed geographically, compatible with a long-term evolution. The marsupial is thought to be its most ancestral host and the Gran Chaco region the place of its putative origin. TcII was rarely sampled (9.6%), absent, or extremely rare in North and Central America, and more frequently identified in domestic cycles than in sylvatic cycles. It has a low genetic diversity and has probably found refuge in some mammal species. It is thought to originate in the south-Amazon area. TcIII and TcIV were also rarely sampled. They showed substantial genetic diversity and are thought to be composed of possible polyphyletic subgroups. Even if they are mostly associated with sylvatic transmission cycles, a total of 150 human infections with these DTUs have been reported. TcV and TcVI are clearly associated with domestic transmission cycles. Less than 10% of these DTUs were identified together in sylvatic hosts. They are thought to originate in the Gran Chaco region, where they are predominant and where putative parents exist (TcII and TcIII). Trends in host-DTU specificities exist, but generally it seems that the complexity of the cycles and the participation of numerous vectors and mammal hosts in a shared area, maintains DTU diversity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Over Six Thousand Trypanosoma cruzi Strains Classified into Discrete Typing Units (DTUs): Attempt at an Inventory

2016

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“…Given that the majority of studies have used selected parasite isolates, it is not possible to discern whether reporting differences are due to methodological bias, or due to real molecular differences in DTU presence or abundance. As an example for the former, the first study using parasite isolates and MLEP in Mexico found greater than 98% Lineage I [79], while recent genetic marker studies using DNA amplification directly from host tissues finds an equal proportion of DTUVI at least in the Neotropical region in Mexico [80]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human contact with infected vectors not only occurs in domestic areas, but in all fragments, with broad vector gene flow within landscapes [80, 81]. Metapopulation dynamics is assisted by human activity and by its impact on resource availability temporally and spatially, although also by altered reservoir assemblages in different landscape fragments [82, 83].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical, landscape and host associations of Trypanosoma cruzi DTUs and lineages

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThe evolutionary history and ecological associations of Trypanosoma cruzi, the need to identify genetic markers that can distinguish parasite subpopulations, and understanding the parasite’s evolutionary and selective processes have been the subject of a significant number of publications since 1998, the year when the first DNA sequence analysis for the species was published.MethodsThe current analysis systematizes and re-analyzes this original research, focusing on critical methodological and analytical variables and results that have given rise to interpretations of putative patterns of genetic diversity and diversification of T. cruzi lineages, discrete typing units (DTUs), and populations, and their associations with hosts, vectors, and geographical distribution that have been interpreted as evidence for parasite subpopulation specificities.ResultsFew studies use hypothesis-driven or quantitative analysis for T. cruzi phylogeny (16/58 studies) or phylogeography (10/13). Among these, only one phylogenetic and five phylogeographic studies analyzed molecular markers directly from tissues (i.e. not from isolates). Analysis of T. cruzi DTU or lineage niche and its geographical projection demonstrate extensive sympatry among all clades across the continent and no significant niche differences among DTUs. DTU beta-diversity was high, indicating diverse host assemblages across regions, while host dissimilarity was principally due to host species turnover and to a much lesser degree to nestedness. DTU-host order specificities appear related to trophic or microenvironmental interactions.ConclusionsMore rigorous study designs and analyses will be required to discern evolutionary processes and the impact of landscape modification on population dynamics and risk for T. cruzi transmission to humans.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1918-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…It has low species-host specificity along its geographic range in the American continent (Izeta-Alberdi et al, 2016), which may be explained by intrinsic factors related to sophisticated host defense response mechanisms (Freire-de-Lima et al, 2012; Caballero et al, 2015) and to extrinsic factors that ensure persistence and transmission in vector-host communities. These latter factors may be associated with vectors and mammal host contact rates which in turn depend on habitat disturbance (Ramsey et al, 2012; Lopez-Cancino et al, 2015; Gürtler & Cardinal, 2015). These host-compatibility and host-encounter filters define the potential spectrum of parasites in hosts (Krasnov et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the exception of a few reports of triatomine-host interactions in North America that list the mammal species from which bugs feed (Ibarra-Cerdeña et al, 2009), few empirical studies have provided evidence for triatomine host community assemblages (Izeta-Alberdi et al, 2016). The complexity of vector-reservoir assemblages associated with T. cruzi transmission (i.e., number and strength of species interactions) has been associated with a gamut of transmission conditions in natural sylvatic areas (Jansen, Xavier & Roque, 2015; Lopez-Cancino et al, 2015; Izeta-Alberdi et al, 2016), anthropogenic ecotones (Ramsey et al, 2012), and urban habitats (Delgado et al, 2011; Ramsey et al, 2000). Host use by triatomines is influenced by the habitat they colonize, and that host accessibility may be a major factor shaping the blood-foraging patterns of these bugs (Rabinovich et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trypanosoma cruzi reservoir—triatomine vector co-occurrence networks reveal meta-community effects by synanthropic mammals on geographic dispersal

Ibarra-Cerdeña

Valiente-Banuet

Sánchez‐Cordero

et al. 2017

PeerJ

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Contemporary patterns of land use and global climate change are modifying regional pools of parasite host species. The impact of host community changes on human disease risk, however, is difficult to assess due to a lack of information about zoonotic parasite host assemblages. We have used a recently developed method to infer parasite-host interactions for Chagas Disease (CD) from vector-host co-occurrence networks. Vector-host networks were constructed to analyze topological characteristics of the network and ecological traits of species’ nodes, which could provide information regarding parasite regional dispersal in Mexico. Twenty-eight triatomine species (vectors) and 396 mammal species (potential hosts) were included using a data-mining approach to develop models to infer most-likely interactions. The final network contained 1,576 links which were analyzed to calculate centrality, connectivity, and modularity. The model predicted links of independently registered Trypanosoma cruzi hosts, which correlated with the degree of parasite-vector co-occurrence. Wiring patterns differed according to node location, while edge density was greater in Neotropical as compared to Nearctic regions. Vectors with greatest public health importance (i.e., Triatoma dimidiata, T. barberi, T. pallidipennis, T. longipennis, etc), did not have stronger links with particular host species, although they had a greater frequency of significant links. In contrast, hosts classified as important based on network properties were synanthropic mammals. The latter were the most common parasite hosts and are likely bridge species between these communities, thereby integrating meta-community scenarios beneficial for long-range parasite dispersal. This was particularly true for rodents, >50% of species are synanthropic and more than 20% have been identified as T. cruzi hosts. In addition to predicting potential host species using the co-occurrence networks, they reveal regions with greater expected parasite mobility. The Neotropical region, which includes the Mexican south and southeast, and the Transvolcanic belt, had greatest potential active T. cruzi dispersal, as well as greatest edge density. This information could be directly applied for stratification of transmission risk and to design and analyze human-infected vector contact intervention efficacy.

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Landscape ecology of Trypanosoma cruzi in the southern Yucatan Peninsula

Cited by 65 publications

References 84 publications

Over Six Thousand Trypanosoma cruzi Strains Classified into Discrete Typing Units (DTUs): Attempt at an Inventory

Over Six Thousand Trypanosoma cruzi Strains Classified into Discrete Typing Units (DTUs): Attempt at an Inventory

Geographical, landscape and host associations of Trypanosoma cruzi DTUs and lineages

Trypanosoma cruzi reservoir—triatomine vector co-occurrence networks reveal meta-community effects by synanthropic mammals on geographic dispersal

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