Landing-related ankle injuries do not occur in plantarflexion as once thought: a systematic video analysis of ankle injuries in world-class volleyball

Abstract

This file was dowloaded from the institutional repository Brage NIH -brage.bibsys.no/nih Skazalski, C., Kruczynski, J., Bahr, M. A., Bere, T. T., Whiteley, R., Bahr, R. (2017 Methods Videos of 24 injuries from major FIVB tournaments were included for analysis (14 men, 10 women). Five analysts reviewed the videos to determine specific situations and mechanisms leading to injuries. ResultsThe majority of injuries occurred during two volleyball situations, blocking (n=15) and attacking (n=6). Injuries to blockers were the result of landing on an opponent (n=11) or teammate (n=4). Attacking injuries most frequently occurred when a backrow player landed on a front row teammate (n=4 of 6). When landing on an opponent under the net, the attacker landed into the opponent's court in 11 of 12 situations but without violating the center line rule. Injuries mostly resulted from rapid inversion without any substantial plantarflexion. ConclusionsThe majority of injuries occur while blocking, often landing on an opponent.The attacker is overwhelmingly to blame for injuries at the net secondary to crossing the center line. Injuries while attacking often result from a back row player landing on a front row teammate. Landing-related injuries mostly result from rapid inversion with the absence of plantarflexion. Abstract Word Count: 243

Video analysis of acute injuries and referee decisions during the 24th Men's Handball World Championship 2015 in Qatar

“…According to previous kinematic case studies, ankle inversion traumas occur in a neutral or dorsal flexed position. Recently, a systematic video analysis of ankle injuries in volleyball supported this, as landing‐related injuries were reported to mostly result from inversion in neutral flexion without any substantial plantar flexion . In the current study, we observed similar mechanisms for acute ankle injuries occurring while running or during landing situations on the ground or on an opponent's foot.…”

“…Recently, a systematic video analysis of ankle injuries in volleyball supported this, as landing-related injuries were reported to mostly result from inversion in neutral flexion without any substantial plantar flexion. 31 In the current study, we observed similar mechanisms for acute ankle injuries occurring while running or during landing situations on the ground or on an opponent's foot. However, when interpreting our results, it should be noted that we only included four ankle injuries classified as non-contact trauma or landing trauma following contact.…”

Risk Factors for Lateral Ankle Sprains and Chronic Ankle Instability

“…Numerous researchers have detailed the kinematics associated with LASs. [25][26][27][28][29][30] In all instances, the characteristic biomechanical features were a rapid increase in inversion and internal rotation with or without plantar flexion. Thus, LASs appear to occur as a consequence of a sudden rapid inversion and internal-rotation loading of the foot-ankle complex, irrespective of sagittal-plane position.…”

The Ankle-Joint Complex: A Kinesiologic Approach to Lateral Ankle Sprains

“…However, LAS mechanisms may vary based on sport. For example, in their recent study of LAS mechanisms in men's and women's volleyball, Skazalski et al 97 determined that rapid inversion without plantar flexion due to contact with another player was the primary mechanism for most injuries. Although a plantarflexed position is often involved in LASs, other positions can also stress the lateral joint structures.…”