Risk Factors for Lateral Ankle Sprains and Chronic Ankle Instability

Delahunt, Eamonn; Remus, Alexandria

doi:10.4085/1062-6050-44-18

Cited by 91 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…[28] Physical fitness, to include ankle and foot strength, has been identified as a protective factor for LAS. [29] This may explain in part why Special Operation Forces had a reduced rate of LAS compared with Infantry, despite similar occupational hazards.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and Occupation Are Salient Risk Factors for Lateral Ankle Sprain Among Military Tactical Athletes

Fraser

MacGregor

Ryans

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Introduction: Lateral ankle sprains (LAS) are ubiquitous among tactical athletes and a substantial burden in the military. With the changes in operational demand and the beginning of integration of women into previously closed occupations, an updated assessment of the burden of ankle sprains in the military is warranted. Methods: A population-based epidemiological retrospective cohort study of all service members in the US Armed Forces was performed assessing risk of sex and military occupation on the outcome of LAS incidence. The Defense Medical Epidemiology Database was queried for the number of individuals with ICD-9 diagnosis codes 845.00 (sprain of ankle, unspecified) and 845.02 (calcaneofibular ligament sprain) on their initial encounter from 2006 to 2015. Relative risk (RR) and chi-square statistics were calculated in the assessment of sex and occupational category. Results: A total of 272,970 enlisted males (27.9 per 1000 person-years), 56,732 enlisted females (34.5 per 1000 person-years), 24,534 male officers (12.6 per 1000 person-years), and 6020 female officers (16.4 per 1000 person-years) incurred LAS. Enlisted females in all occupational groups were at significantly higher risk for LAS than their male counterparts (RR 1.09-1.68; p < 0.01), except for Engineers (p = 0.15). Female officers had consistently higher risk for LAS in all occupational groups (RR 1.10-1.42; p < 0.01) compared with male officers, except Ground/Naval Gunfire (p =0.23). Contrasted with Infantry, enlisted members in the Special Operations Forces, Mechanized/Armor, Aviation, Maintenance, and Maritime/Naval Specialties were at lower risk (RR, 0.38-0.93; p < 0.01), Artillery, Engineers, and Logistics Specialties were at higher risk (RR 1.04-1.18; p < 0.01), and Administration, Intelligence, and Communications were no different (p = 0.69). Compared with Ground/Naval Gunfire officers, Aviation officers were at significantly lower risk (RR, 0.75; p < 0.01), and Engineers, Maintenance, Administration, Operations/Intelligence, and Logistics officers were at higher risk (RR, 1.08-1.20; p < 0.01). Conclusion: Sex and military occupation were salient factors for LAS risk. Colocation of interdisciplinary neuromusculoskeletal specialists to provide targeted preventive interventions should be considered in practice and policy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and Occupation Are Salient Risk Factors for Lateral Ankle Sprain Among Military Tactical Athletes

Fraser

MacGregor

Ryans

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The occurrence of ankle sprains does not only have a physical impact for patients but also impacts society, through high social economic costs, and financial burden [ 8 , 22 , 41 ]. Both of which are associated with diagnosis, treatment, and loss of work productivity contingent with the severity of the injury [ 1 , 3 , 8 ]. This is shown by a quarter of individuals who sustain ankle sprain injuries being unable to attend work or school for 7 days following the initial injury [ 4 , 8 , 58 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ankle sprains are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. This is emphasised by research, worldwide, stating the high prevalence of ankle sprains [8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and risk factors for poor ankle functional recovery, and the development and progression of posttraumatic ankle osteoarthritis after significant ankle ligament injury (SALI): the SALI cohort study protocol

Bestwick-Stevenson

Palmer

Ching

et al. 2021

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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Background Ankle sprains are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries, accounting for up to 5% of all Emergency Department visits in the United Kingdom. Ankle injury may be associated with future ankle osteoarthritis. Up to 70% of ankle osteoarthritis cases may be associated with previous ankle injury. There is limited research regarding the association between ankle sprain and ankle osteoarthritis development. The current study aims to phenotype those who suffer significant ankle ligament injuries, identify potential risk factors for ankle injuries and subsequent poor recovery, examine why individuals may develop osteoarthritis, and what factors influence this chance. Methods In this multicentre cohort study participants were recruited from nine Emergency Departments and two Urgent Care Centres in the United Kingdom. Participants (aged 18–70 years old) were defined as those who had suffered an isolated acute ankle sprain, which was Ottawa Ankle Rules positive, but negative for a significant ankle fracture on x-ray. Age and sex matched controls were also recruited. The controls were individuals who had not suffered a significant ankle injury, including ankle pain, function affected for more than 7 days, or the ankle caused them to report to an Emergency Department. Data is collected through a series of seven questionnaires (at baseline, 3 months, 1 year, 3 years, 5 years, 10 years, and 15 years later). The questionnaires include four sections (demographic questions; index injury, and injury history questions; functional assessment questions; and quality of life questions) and are designed to collect detailed information about the individual, their injury, potential risk factors for ankle sprains and ankle osteoarthritis, plus their medical history and any medication consumed. Discussion The Significant Ankle Ligament Injury (SALI) study aims to add to the limited knowledge regarding which factors can predict ankle sprains, complaints, and osteoarthritis. This is important because despite ankle sprains being regarded as a benign injury that resolves quickly, residual symptoms are not uncommon months and years after the injury.

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“…Lateral ankle sprains (LASs) are the most prevalent musculoskeletal injuries that occur among physically active individuals [ 1 ]. Such an injury is accompanied by a number of adverse effects, including significant athletic treatment costs; prolonged pain; absence from sport, work, and school; increased healthcare costs; decrease quality of life; increased odds ratio of recurrent ankle sprain; and premature arthritis [ 1 – 4 ]. Its high prevalence rate and resulting side effects have highlighted the need for specialists to accord urgent priority to the development of various prophylactic strategies intended to reduce the extent of ankle sprain injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prophylactic ankle supports effects on time to stabilization, perceived stability and ground reaction force during lateral landing in female collegiate athletes with chronic ankle instability

Yalfani

Raeisi

2021

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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Background This study was designed to investigate effects of Kinesiotape (KT) with closed basket weave method and lace-up braces (LB) on the vertical time to stabilization, peak vertical ground reaction force (PvGRF), and time to PvGRF as well as perceived stability during lateral landing of participants with chronic ankle instability before and after fatigue. Methods Thirty female college athletes with chronic ankle instability of three conditions (control, KT, and LB) performed lateral landing from a 30 cm high step on the plantar pressure platform pre and post fatigue. Results The pre-test findings on the rearfoot, of LB indicated negatively increased the PvGRF force (F2,58=3.63, P = 0.04) and decreased the time to PvGRF (F2,58=4.67, P = 0.01). The Bonferroni post-hoc testing revealed LB condition increased the PvGRF than the control (P = 0.002) and KT (P = 0.038). Also, the post-hoc testing showed LB condition decreased the time to PvGRF force than the control (P = 0.05) and KT (P = 0.01). The LB negatively prolonged vertical time to stabilization in the forefoot (F2,58=6.74, P = 0.002) and rearfoot (F2,58=6.13, P = 0.004) after fatigue. The post-hoc testing revealed LB condition generated a slower vertical time to stabilization than the control and KT conditions (P ≤ 0.05). The use of KT had no positive effects as elevated the PvGRF in the forefoot post fatigue (F2,58=7.11, P = 0.002). The post-hoc test uncovered that KT augmented the PvGRF than control (P = 0.01) and LB (P < 0.001). On the other hand, using KT had psychological effects at pre-fatigue which resulting significantly greater in perceived stability compared to other conditions (F2,58=9.65, P < 0.001). The post-hoc test showed that using KT increased perceived stability than LB (P = 0.004) and control (P < 0.001). Moreover, perceived stability improved significantly in KT and LB compared to the control condition at the post-fatigue (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusions Despite the positive psychological impact of the prophylactic ankle supports, there were no positive effect on the vertical time to stabilization, PvGRF, and time to PvGRF. Further studies are needed to distinguish the psychological and actual effects of prophylactic ankle supports on athletes with chronic ankle instability.

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Risk Factors for Lateral Ankle Sprains and Chronic Ankle Instability

Cited by 91 publications

References 30 publications

Sex and Occupation Are Salient Risk Factors for Lateral Ankle Sprain Among Military Tactical Athletes

Sex and Occupation Are Salient Risk Factors for Lateral Ankle Sprain Among Military Tactical Athletes

Incidence and risk factors for poor ankle functional recovery, and the development and progression of posttraumatic ankle osteoarthritis after significant ankle ligament injury (SALI): the SALI cohort study protocol

Prophylactic ankle supports effects on time to stabilization, perceived stability and ground reaction force during lateral landing in female collegiate athletes with chronic ankle instability

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