Land titling and poverty reduction in Southeast Asia: realising markets or realising rights?∗

Hutchison, Jane

doi:10.1080/10357710802286791

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Finally, this research sheds light on an important policy issue: land titling. Land titling has been actively promoted as a critical development intervention globally—for examples from Southeast Asia, East Asia, the former Soviet Union, and Latin America, see Deere and León (2001), Bruce (2006), Hutchison (2008), and Lawry et al (2017). In Africa, land registration has been a priority for donors and governments alike (e.g., Byamugisha 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land and Legibility: When Do Citizens Expect Secure Property Rights in Weak States?

2022

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Legibility and political authority are often conflated in debates over formalization processes, including land titling. This can lead to a fundamental misunderstanding of what it is that citizens anticipate would strengthen their property rights. This study examines the effects of legibility on citizens’ evaluations of property rights in Malawi, a country with limited but increasing land titling. We argue that legibility is a strategic resource for citizens, which has value in itself. To disentangle the effects of legibility and authority on tenure security, we employ a survey experiment. Our findings show that respondents perceived land with written property rights to be more secure and more desirable regardless of whether a state or customary authority granted these land rights. In contrast to scholarship that examines legibility as a technology of state control, this research suggests that legibility can help citizens advance their interests.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land and Legibility: When Do Citizens Expect Secure Property Rights in Weak States?

2022

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“…In some cases such disputes have escalated to civil wars. Privatization and titling/registration programs in particular have been noted to create new land conflicts (Mwangi, 2007a;Hutchison, 2008).…”

Section: Property Rights To Land and Distributional Conflict: A Backgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bumbling Bureaucrats, Sluggish Courts and Forum-Shopping Elites: Unending Conflict and Competition in the Transition to Private Property

Mwangi

2010

Eur J Dev Res

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For close to two decades Maasai herders in Southwestern Kenyan have been struggling to subdivide their collectively held group ranches into individually owned and titled parcels. Scholars have indicated that conflicts over property assignment are resolved where more powerful individuals can either bear the costs of extended conflict or can credibly threaten retaliation. The conditions under which conflicts persist are less well understood, yet persistent, non-violent conflicts can have significant impacts on livelihoods and land management. Based on in-depth interviews and reviews of archival material, this case study provides an account of the persistence of distributional conflict during the subdivision of the Maasai group ranches. The study suggests that fragmented, uncoordinated authority renders conflict resolution difficult where asymmetries of power and resources among competing actors are minor and where political entrepreneurs perceive opportunities for vote seeking. Such conditions, which allow forum-shopping among competing actors, contribute to the conflict's persistence.Depuis presque deux de´cennies les e´leveurs masaı¨s du sud-ouest du Kenya luttent pour la subdivision de leurs exploitations collectives en parcelles individuelles et prive´es. Les chercheurs ont montre´que les conflits d'attribution de proprie´te´se re´solvent dans les cas ou`les individus les plus puissants peuvent, soit assumer le couˆt d'un conflit e´tendu, soit exercer des menaces cre´dibles de repre´sailles. Les conditions dans lesquelles les conflits persistent sont moins bien comprises; pourtant des conflits non violents prolonge´s peuvent avoir des impacts significatifs sur la subsistance des e´leveurs et la gestion des terres. À partir d'entretiens approfondis et d'une recherche d'archives, cette e´tude de cas rend compte de la persistance des conflits lie´s a`la subdivision des fermes collectives masaı¨s. L'article sugge`re qu'une autorite´fragmente´e et non coordonne´e rend la re´solution des conflits difficile, dans les cas ou`les asyme´tries de pouvoirs et de ressources entre les acteurs concurrents sont faibles et ou`les entrepreneurs politiques perc¸oivent ces conflits comme des opportunite´s de 'chasse aux voix'. De telles conditions, propices au 'forum shopping' parmi les acteurs concurrents, contribuent a`la persistance de ces conflits.

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“…Residents of Phka acknowledged this point when they recognized that their feelings of security not only related to having title but mostly to building solidarity and working together with their neighbours. These findings are important in providing solutions to the political dimensions of insecurity that have been highlighted as key lessons of land titling and land formalization programs (Hutchison, 2008;Deininger & Feder, 2009;Flower, 2018;Payne & Durand-Lasserve, 2013;The World Bank, 2016). The next section builds on the points identified in this chapter to provide the final conclusion for the thesis and argue for the need for planning to support spatial and political collective processes that support the urban poor to maintain collective action and power to resist processes of political and market-based dispossession.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Despite the clear advantages of securing property rights for the urban poor supported by the state, there is evidence to demonstrate that initiatives to formalize property rights through title have failed in their own terms in more cases than they have succeeded (Hutchison, 2008;Deininger & Feder, 2009;Marx, 2009;Rolnik, 2015). For example, despite the popularity of title, evidence suggests that the settings where land titling programs have been most successful have been dependent on a favourable governance environment, the effectiveness of the state apparatus, and the distribution of socio-economic power (Deininger & Feder, 2009).…”

Section: Debates On Land Formalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding formal and informal relationships in settlement upgrading for planning just and inclusive cities: the case of Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Alvarez¹

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Since colonial times a formal/informal divide entrenched in systems of urban planning in Phnom Penh, Cambodia has been used as a governmental tool by the state to marginalize and exclude informal settlements. This tool has also been used to impose a market-oriented model of urban development that is insufficient in progressing the aspirations, needs, and claims to justice of people living in these settlements. In fact, this model has led to the development of a highly unequal and unjust city. This problematic touches on a key aspect of planning knowledge which affects many other cities of the global south. Binaries are a characteristic of western thought and capitalism. This way of thinking reproduces a hierarchical worldview with a privileging pole and unequal power relationships by making divisions between formal/informal sectors, public/private property, ordinary/global cities, and individual/collective ways of life. Binaries turn the merely different into an absolute other and exclude and marginalize the reality of difference in cities. Despite growing evidence of formal and informal relationships in cities, most research has tended to concentrate on understanding these systems separately. My research addresses this knowledge gap. In this thesis I explain how formal and informal relationships are composed in the context of informal settlement upgrading practices in Phnom Penh with emphasis in three dimensions: a) land access, b) finance for housing, infrastructure and livelihoods, and c) political recognition. I use a case study of one informal settlement in PhnomPenh to evidence how the state is implicated in informality and how these relationships produce social and spatial inequalities. I also explain how formal and informal relationships are characterized by a negotiability of value of citizenship rights, were collective action plays a key role as a mechanism that vulnerable groups rely on to legitimize their claims and secure land, housing, infrastructure, livelihoods and political recognition. This research is guided by theoretical propositions on social and spatial justice, specifically processes of accumulation by dispossession that result from the financialization of land and housing. Within this framework, the concepts of space, power, and collective action are used to transcend exchange value and illuminate the use value of cities. II

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Land titling and poverty reduction in Southeast Asia: realising markets or realising rights?∗

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Land and Legibility: When Do Citizens Expect Secure Property Rights in Weak States?

Land and Legibility: When Do Citizens Expect Secure Property Rights in Weak States?

Bumbling Bureaucrats, Sluggish Courts and Forum-Shopping Elites: Unending Conflict and Competition in the Transition to Private Property

Understanding formal and informal relationships in settlement upgrading for planning just and inclusive cities: the case of Phnom Penh, Cambodia

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