Land system changes in the context of urbanisation: Examples from the peri-urban area of Greater Copenhagen

The Location Matters: Determinants for “Deepening” and “Broadening” Diversification Strategies in Ruhr Metropolis’ Urban Farming

“…Urban demands for goods and services originating from the agricultural sector are highlighted as an intensifying driving factor to adapt farming activities to the cities by capitalizing the close proximity [4,30,39]. Good accessibility of potential consumers in cities is increasingly acknowledged by farmers as comparative advantage [3,9].…”

“…Various farm structure specific chances and hurdles occur in urbanized areas spatially explicit [5,30,34,[36][37][38]: consumer potentials, societal demands and trends, innovative milieus, land-related constraints, off-farm employment, etc. Thus, urban environments promote the application of farm strategies outside mainstream farming parallel to declining economic importance [25,38,39]. Traditional rural farming practices are inappropriate for most urban settings, so that Beauchesne and Bryant categorize "the urban fringe as an area where alternative forms of agriculture [ .…”

Business models in urban farming: A comparative analysis of case studies from Spain, Italy and Germany

“…The variety of exploited commercial services connected to or close to agricultural production cover a wide range, such as agro-tourism (recreation, gastronomy), social support (education, therapy, health, caretaking), and further public and private services (maintenance, log work, winter road clearance) (Bailey et al, 2000;Beauchesne and Bryant, 1999;Busck et al, 2006;Heimlich and Barnard, 1992;Lohrberg and Timpe, 2011;Vogl et al, 2003;Zasada, 2011). Among others, horse services (Bailey et al, 2000;Elg�ker and Wilton, 2008;Quetier and Gordon, 2003;Zasada et al, 2011), education services, and care farming (Siebert et al, 2009;Van der Schans, 2010;Wiskerke, 2009) are frequently used by farms located in rather densely populated areas due to the presence of a large number of (possible) clients.…”

“…This is due, with few exceptions, to urban limitations not the business case for urban farms. The complexity of urban influences on farms and farming results in heterogeneous strategies and farm activities both at the city and agglomeration level, which is more pronounced than in rather rural areas (Brinkley, 2012;Busck et al, 2006;Gardner, 1994;Mougeot, 1999;Zasada, 2011;Zasada et al, 2011). Urban farming "has been identified as being more diversified, polarised and multifaceted than elsewhere" (Zasada, 2011, p. 640).…”

Europe: the paradox of landscape change : A case-study based contribution to the understanding of landscape transitions

“…The increase in residential functions in Roskilde (DK) is driven by processes of urbanisation. The impact has not led to very significant changes north of Roskilde, as it has mostly occurred as 'hidden' urbanisation, where former farms have been converted to residential or other economic uses than agriculture (Busck et al 2006;Praestholm et al 2006). The strict zoning policy has prevented large-scale urban sprawl (Busck et al 2008), but east of Roskilde still considerable urban development took place.…”