Land management between crops affects soil inorganic nitrogen balance in a tropical rice system

Hipsey, Matthew; Clough, Tim J.; Johnson‐Beebout, Sarah E.; Buresh, R. J.

doi:10.1007/s10705-014-9644-7

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Once formed, NO 3 − may diffuse down into the reduced soil where it can be denitrified43. O 2 and NH 4 + depletion over time, and denitrification activity in the more anaerobic soil strata, all led to a decrease of NO 3 − concentrations with time (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, the disadvantage of this approach is that it imperceptibly stimulates nitrification and results in overestimates of the soil NO 3 − concentration. Each sampling occurred at 7:00 am, and each treatment sample was kept in −20 °C for 2 h to rigidify the paddy soil for subsequent slicing; soil samples were then collected at distances of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mm distance from the fertilisation zone, respectively, without vertical profiles (unlike the in-situ measurement of soil pH and O 2 concentration), for logistical reasons, although vertical redox gradients in submerged soils are also expected to influence the distribution of NH 4 + and NO 3 − 43. The soil samples collected from the right and left compartments at an identical horizontal distance were mixed together for the assessments of mineral N and nitrification activity at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 20, 40 and 70 days after fertilisation, with three replicates.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microprofiling of nitrogen patches in paddy soil: Analysis of spatiotemporal nutrient heterogeneity at the microscale

Kronzucker

Shi

2016

Sci Rep

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Flooded paddy soil ecosystems in the tropics support the cultivation of the majority of the world's leading crop, rice, and nitrogen (N) availability in the paddy-soil rooting zone limits rice production more than any other nutritional factor. Yet, little is known about the dynamic response of paddy soil to N-fertiliser application, in terms of horizontal and vertical patchiness in N distribution and transformation. Here, we present a microscale analysis of the profile of ammonium (NH 4 + ) and nitrate (NO 3 − ), nitrification, oxygen (O 2water and O 2soil ), and pH (pH water and pH soil ) in paddy soils, collected from two representative rice-production areas in subtropical China. NH 4 + and NO 3 − exhibited dramatic spatiotemporal profiles within N patches on the microscale. We show that pH soil became constant at 1.0-3.5 mm depth, and O 2soil became undetectable at 1.7-4.0 mm. Fertiliser application significantly increased pH, and decreased O 2 , within N patches. Path analysis showed that the factors governing nitrification scaled in the order: pH water > pH soil > NH 4 + > O 2water > NO 3 − > O 2soil . We discuss the soil properties that decide the degree of nutrient patchiness within them and argue that such knowledge is critical to intelligent appraisals of nutrient-use efficiencies in the field.It is now well established more generally that soil nutrients, including N, are distributed in a heterogeneous or patchy manner within ecosystems 1,2 due to a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors. In agricultural soils, N fertiliser application is the main anthropogenic driver that produces heterogeneity in soil N distribution, and fundamentally affects local N pools and N-cycling processes within soil 3 . Recent research on soil heterogeneity has almost exclusively focused on plant behavior. When roots encounter a nutrient-rich zone or patch, they often proliferate within it, including increases in elongation of individual roots 4 ; total root length 5 ; root production 6 ; and extent of lateral branching 7 . These plastic responses by the root system have been proposed as the major mechanism employed by the root system to allow plants to cope with the heterogeneous supply of nutrients in soil 1 . Variations in both root biomass and N uptake rate per unit root biomass are important in contributing to the variations in the abilities of species to capture N from ephemeral patches 8 . Field studies have shown that plant roots respond most strongly to N given in pulses and least strongly to a continuous nutrient supply 9 . Furthermore, there was a positive relationship between N uptake rate, relative growth rate, and root system biomass 8 . In addition to the plastic responses of plant roots, there have been reports that soil N heterogeneity influences seedling recruitment 10 , vegetation succession 11 , plant species coexistence and competition 12 , and invasion of non-native plants into natural ecosystems 13 .In flooded paddy soils, N is applied principally as ammonium (NH 4 + )-based or urea fertiliser...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microprofiling of nitrogen patches in paddy soil: Analysis of spatiotemporal nutrient heterogeneity at the microscale

Kronzucker

Shi

2016

Sci Rep

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“…Moreover, the finding that nitrification inhibitors can significantly increase rice yield further supports our conclusion ( Chaiwanakupt et al., ; Sun et al, ). Other studies also showed that the timing of N application was an important N fertilizer management aspect to enhance NUE and reduce N loss ( Cassman et al, ; Dobermann and Cassman , ; Wells et al., ). Our results confirmed this by showing that the proportion of N uptake to total applied N followed the order: booting stage > jointing stage > tillering stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our results showed that the nitrification (i.e., oxidation of NH þ 4 ) occurred under flooded conditions when cropped with rice growth. Previous investigations suggested that nitrification can occur in aerobic microsites in paddy fields, such as oxidized surface soil layer or root rhizosphere (Chowdary et al, 2004;Ni and Zhu, 2004;Buresh et al, 2008;Wells et al, 2014). This points to the root rhizosphere, which is supplied with oxygen via aerenchymatous transport, as the site of active nitrification.…”

Section: Nitrification In Paddy Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Nitrification is the key process determining N use efficiency in paddy soils

Wang

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2017

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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Nitrogen (N) fertilizer use efficiency (NUE) in flooded paddy fields is relatively low. Many N fertilizer management options have been proposed to enhance NUE and minimize environmental damage. However, few investigations are focusing on the role of the characteristics of soil N transformations in regulating NUE and N losses in paddy fields. In this study, we test the role of soil N transformations on NUE and N losses under rice growth conditions in two paddy soils collected from Jiangxi (JX) and Sichuan (SC) in China. The N recoveries of applied 15N either as nitrate or ammonium in plant and soil, and N losses estimated by 15N balance were investigated in rice pot experiments using a 15N tracing technique. The results showed that gross nitrification rates in soil collected from JX were much lower than those in soils collected from SC either at 60% water holding capacity (WHC) or rice growth (flooding) conditions, which could be due to the difference in soil pH. The NH4 + ‐N concentration in soil solution was maintained at a relatively high level for a long time period after N fertilizer application in the JX soil (41 d) compared to the SC soil (26 d), caused by different nitrification rates owing to different soil pH. The 15N uptake by rice in the JX soil (29–78%) was always significantly higher than that in the SC soil (22–54%), while N losses from the plant–soil system in the JX soil (17–21%) were always significantly lower than those from the SC soil (20–34%) at the same rice growth stage in the labeled 15N ammonium treatment. However, there were no significant differences in 15N uptake by rice and N losses in applied 15 NO3 - treatment between the two studied soils. These results indicate that nitrification, not denitrification, was the key process determining NUE and N losses in paddy soils. The results of the N application gradient experiment also indicated that higher amounts of N fertilizer should be applied for the same amount of N uptake, however, this caused higher N losses, in soils characterized by high nitrification rate (e.g., the alkaline soil). Results highlighted that soil N transformations in particular nitrification rate provided a very good guideline for an optimized N management.

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Rhizosphere soil nitrification ability controls nitrogen‐use efficiency in rice growth period

Zhang

Liao

et al. 2022

Food and Energy Security

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Land management between crops affects soil inorganic nitrogen balance in a tropical rice system

Cited by 12 publications

References 71 publications

Microprofiling of nitrogen patches in paddy soil: Analysis of spatiotemporal nutrient heterogeneity at the microscale

Microprofiling of nitrogen patches in paddy soil: Analysis of spatiotemporal nutrient heterogeneity at the microscale

Nitrification is the key process determining N use efficiency in paddy soils

Rhizosphere soil nitrification ability controls nitrogen‐use efficiency in rice growth period

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