Land Application of Coalbed Methane Produced Water: Changes in Soil Chemistry Through Time

Towards agro-environmentally sustainable irrigation with treated produced water in hyper-arid environments

“…Techniques aimed at mitigating soil salinity, such as over-irrigation to increase salt leaching (Norvell et al, 2009), PW blending (Atia, 2017;Martel-Valles et al, 2017;Mullins and Hajek, 1998;Sintim et al, 2017), and PW desalination (Sousa et al, 2017;Weber et al, 2017) to reduce salt inputs to the soil, as well as soil and irrigation water amendments to mitigate soil sodicity (Bennett et al, 2016;Johnston et al, 2008), have been tested in field experiments. However, these techniques were used individually, but not in combination to maximise their impacts.…”

Agro-environmental sustainability and financial cost of reusing gasfield-produced water for agricultural irrigation

“…Techniques, such as over-irrigation to increase salt leaching (Norvell et al, 2009), PW blending (Atia, 2017;Martel-Valles et al, 2017;Mullins and Hajek, 1998;Sintim et al, 2017), irrigation with reverse osmosis-treated PW (ROPW) (Sousa et al, 2017;Weber et al, 2017), as well as soil and irrigation water amendments (Ali et al, 2018;Bennett et al, 2016;Ganjegunte et al, 2005;Johnston et al, 2008;Vance et al, 2008) have been used in field experiments to mitigate soil salinisation and sodification caused by irrigation with PW.…”