Laminated Object Manufacturing of 3D‐Printed Laser‐Induced Graphene Foams

Luong, Duy Xuan; Subramanian, Ajay K.; Silva, Gladys A. Lopez; Yoon, Jongwon; Cofer, Savannah A.; Yang, Kai-Chun; Owuor, Peter Samora; Wang, Tuo; Wang, Zhe; Lou, Jun; Ajayan, Pulickel M.; Tour, James M.

doi:10.1002/adma.201707416

Cited by 198 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Figure i shows the Young's modulus of 3D‐printed BHGMs is more than three times higher than the traditional superelastic bulk graphene materials . In addition, the resilience and stability of our ultralight BHGMs are also remarkably better than the previously reported 3D‐printed graphene materials (Table S1, Supporting Information) …”

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confidence: 73%

3D Printing of Ultralight Biomimetic Hierarchical Graphene Materials with Exceptional Stiffness and Resilience

et al. 2019

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Assembly of lightweight engineering and functional materials with superb mechanical performance, such as high stiffness, super resilience, and stability, is highly demanded to pave ways for their practical applications. [1] However, how to simultaneously achieve both stiffness and resilience in a man-made material at low-density remains a challenging scientific and engineering issue. Biological materials have found their way to achieve outstanding mechanical properties at low density by assembling sophisticate hierarchical structures from microscopic to macroscopic scales, and thus provide inspirations for designing and manufacturing advanced biomimetic materials. [2] Plant materials, such as plant stem [3] and wood, [4] represent an important class of lightweight natural materials with superb mechanical properties. The slender grass stems of Elytrigia repens is a representative natural material with high mechanical performance and lightweight features owing to a specially evolved hierarchical architecture with a macroscopically hollow and microscopically cellular structure. The macroscopically hollow structure combined with the cellular microstructure serves as an excellent force-bearing structure that is conducive to the dispersion of strain and stress, and thus efficiently enhances the stiffness, and resilience and reduce the density, simultaneously. [5] In recent years, the constructions of biomimetic structures have attracted extensive attention because of their potential ability to achieve high mechanical properties and lightweight artificial engineering and functional materials. [6] Despite progresses in the construction of biomimetic structures, the poor mechanical properties at low density remain as a major bottleneck in artificial biomimetic materials, which are mainly due to the lack of appropriate structures at both macro-and microlevels at the same time.The ink-based 3D printing, as a powerful additive manufacturing technique for producing 3D structures both in microscopic and macroscopic scales, [6b,7] shows great potential to assembly materials into 3D hierarchical structures. Additionally, 3D printing displays distinct advantages of high degree of freedom in structure design, which enable the ability to design and construct versatile structures for realizing the Biological materials with hierarchical architectures (e.g., a macroscopic hollow structure and a microscopic cellular structure) offer unique inspiration for designing and manufacturing advanced biomimetic materials with outstanding mechanical performance and low density. Most conventional biomimetic materials only benefit from bioinspired architecture at a single length scale (e.g., microscopic material structure), which largely limits the mechanical performance of the resulting materials. There exists great potential to maxime the mechanical performance of biomimetic materials by leveraging a bioinspired hierarchical structure. An ink-based three-dimensional (3D) printing strategy to manufacture an ultralight biomimetic hierarchical g...

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confidence: 73%

3D Printing of Ultralight Biomimetic Hierarchical Graphene Materials with Exceptional Stiffness and Resilience

et al. 2019

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“…This method enabled excellent control of pore morphology while maintaining the characteristic advantages of graphene NSs . The addition of fiber laser to mill the graphene structure to create graphene foams using 3D printing enabled control of thickness, shape, and further refining of the 3D macrostructure . In particular, the use of 3D printing to develop graphene aerogels, neat porous carbon aerogels, MOF‐derived hierarchically porous frameworks, carbon fiber (CF) reinforced thermoplastic composites, and LiFePO 4 /GO‐based interdigitated electrodes with controllable geometries and sizes at micrometer scales has been widely explored.…”

Section: Designing 3d Porous Carbons For Electrocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Carbon Materials for Efficient Oxygen and Hydrogen Electrocatalysis

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Jervis

Periasamy

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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Sustainable energy production at an acceptable cost is key for its widespread application. At present, noble metals and metal oxides are the most widely used for electrocatalysis, but they suffer from low selectivity, poor durability, and scarcity. Because of this, metal‐free carbons have become the subject of great interest as promising alternative electrocatalysts for energy conversion and storage devices, and remarkable progress has been accomplished in the advance of metal‐free carbons as electrocatalysts for renewable energy technologies. Particularly interesting are 3D porous carbon architectures, which exhibit outstanding features for electrocatalysis applications, including broad range of active sites, interconnected porosity, high conductivity, and mechanical stability. This review summarizes the latest advances in 3D porous carbon structures for oxygen and hydrogen electrocatalysis. The structure–performance relationship of these materials is consequently rationalized and perspectives on creating more efficient 3D carbon electrocatalysts are suggested.

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“…Introducing porous structures into existing functional materials is a powerful way to tailor their gas permeability as well as other properties such as stretchability, modulus, and optical transmission . In addition, recent research reveals that transient CO 2 laser heating can convert various polymer films into porous graphene with continuous structures under ambient atmospheres . Applications of laser‐induced porous graphene in flexible supercapacitors, wearable strain sensors, and artificial throat have been recently demonstrated .…”

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confidence: 94%

Gas‐Permeable, Multifunctional On‐Skin Electronics Based on Laser‐Induced Porous Graphene and Sugar‐Templated Elastomer Sponges

et al. 2018

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closely relevant to normal bodily functions as well as clinical cues of the progression of various diseases. Thus, their continuous and real-time acquisition with soft on-skin electronics, in a manner that does not disrupt our routine daily activities, will be useful for medical diagnostics, fitness tracking, human-machine interface, athletic training, and many others. During the past decade, soft on-skin electronics have been achieved by employing flexible and stretchable forms of inorganic electronic materials, [1][2][3] intrinsically soft organic electronic materials, [6][7][8][9] or emerging nanomaterials [10][11][12][13] as device components and using elastomers or plastics as substrates. However, one critical scientific challenge is that most materials used for on-skin electronics have limited gas permeability, which blocks sweat gland and constrains perspiration evaporation, resulting in adverse physiological and psychological effects, such as rashes, stuffiness, and/or other inflammatory skin responses, limiting their longterm feasibility. [10] In addition, the device fabrication process of on-skin electronics usually involves e-beam or photolithography, thin-film deposition, etching, and/or other complicated procedures, which are costly and time-consuming, constraining their practical applications.Great progress has been recently achieved to address the aforementioned two challenges. For example, free-standing gold nanomesh conductors were used to develop on-skin electronics with high gas permeability, which can significantly suppress the risks of skin inflammation, but are limited to complex fabrication processes such as electrospinning and vacuum deposition. [10] In another study, a "cut-and-paste" manufacturing method was developed to offer a simple way of fabricating multiparametric on-skin electronic systems. [17] However, the materials used for device fabrication, such as gold and aluminum, have limited gas permeability. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop a simple and effective approach of making on-skin electronics using highly gas-permeable materials.Introducing porous structures into existing functional materials is a powerful way to tailor their gas permeability as well Soft on-skin electronics have broad applications in human healthcare, humanmachine interface, robotics, and others. However, most current on-skin electronic devices are made of materials with limited gas permeability, which constrain perspiration evaporation, resulting in adverse physiological and psychological effects, limiting their long-term feasibility. In addition, the device fabrication process usually involves e-beam or photolithography, thin-film deposition, etching, and/or other complicated procedures, which are costly and time-consuming, constraining their practical applications. Here, a simple, general, and effective approach for making multifunctional on-skin electronics using porous materials with high-gas permeability, consisting of laserpatterned porous graphene as the sensing components and sugar-templa...

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Laminated Object Manufacturing of 3D‐Printed Laser‐Induced Graphene Foams

Cited by 198 publications

References 44 publications

3D Printing of Ultralight Biomimetic Hierarchical Graphene Materials with Exceptional Stiffness and Resilience

3D Printing of Ultralight Biomimetic Hierarchical Graphene Materials with Exceptional Stiffness and Resilience

3D Carbon Materials for Efficient Oxygen and Hydrogen Electrocatalysis

Gas‐Permeable, Multifunctional On‐Skin Electronics Based on Laser‐Induced Porous Graphene and Sugar‐Templated Elastomer Sponges

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