Laminar burning velocity of gasolines with addition of ethanol

Abstract

The adiabatic laminar burning velocities of a commercial gasoline and of a model fuel (n-heptane, iso-octane, and toluene mixture) of close research octane number have been measured at 358 K. Non-stretched flames were stabilized on a perforated plate burner at 1 atm. The heat flux method was used to determine burning velocities under conditions for which the net heat loss of the flame is zero. Very similar values of flame velocities have been obtained for the commercial gasoline and for the proposed model fuel. The influence of ethanol as an oxygenated additive has been investigated for these two fuels and has been found to be negligible for values up to 15% (vol). Measurements were also performed for ethanol and the three pure components of the model fuel at 298, 358 and 398 K. The results obtained for the studied mixtures, and for pure n-heptane, iso-octane, toluene and ethanol, have been satisfactorily simulated using a detailed kinetic mechanism.

Laminar Flame Characteristics of C1–C5 Primary Alcohol-Isooctane Blends at Elevated Temperature

“…Figure 2a,b gives the laminar flame speeds of pure ethanol and isooctane flames at 0.1 MPa, respectively. It is seen the present data are in good agreement with the data from literatures [10,[46][47][48][49][50]. Figure 2c gives the laminar flame speeds of ethanol-isooctane blend-air mixtures versus volume fraction of ethanol at 0.1 MPa.…”

In cylinder visualization of stratified combustion of E85 and main sources of soot formation

“…Based on the laminar flame speed of ethanol/isooctane blends [19,20], the laminar flame speed of E85 is expected to be close to that of ethanol and greater than isooctane and gasoline as a result. Under homogeneous conditions the rate of combustion is approximately equal for gasoline and E85 [18], while under lean stratified conditions the rate of combustion of E85 was observed to be larger compared to gasoline [21,22,23].…”

Laminar flame speed of lignocellulosic biomass-derived oxygenates and blends of gasoline/oxygenates

“…It is also useful to validate new developed chemical kinetic mechanisms as well as turbulent combustion models [8][9][10][11]. Numerous previous studies have delivered significant insights into the effects of the addition of oxygenates on the laminar flame speeds of gasoline or diesel fuels [10,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. For instance, Dirrenberger et al [14] measured laminar burning velocity of gasoline with addition of ethanol using a heat flux burner.…”

“…Numerous previous studies have delivered significant insights into the effects of the addition of oxygenates on the laminar flame speeds of gasoline or diesel fuels [10,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. For instance, Dirrenberger et al [14] measured laminar burning velocity of gasoline with addition of ethanol using a heat flux burner. In their work, adiabatic laminar burning velocity measurement was firstly conducted for a gasoline model fuel consists of n-heptane, iso-octane and toluene mixtures at condition of P = 0.1 MPa and T = 358 K. Measurements were then performed for blends mixed by this model gasoline fuel and ethanol to address the influence of ethanol as an oxygenated additive on laminar flame speed of gasoline at atmospheric pressure condition.…”

“…In the present work, a surrogate gasoline to emulate the commercial gasoline consists of five pure components: hexane, 2, 3-dimethylbut-2-ene, cyclohexane, iso-octane and toluene is proposed. Hereby, as the petroleum based gasoline contains quite limited oxygenated compounds which can be neglected the surrogate gasoline proposed in the present work only consisted of hydrocarbon fuels [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. The second purpose of the present study is therefore to experimentally elucidate if this five-component surrogate gasoline fuel is capable to reproduce the laminar flame speed property of commercial gasoline.…”