Lamalbid, Chlorogenic Acid, and Verbascoside as Tools for Standardization of Lamium album Flowers—Development and Validation of HPLC–DAD Method

Abstract

Preparations from the flowers or herb of the white dead nettle (Lamium album L.) are recommended for the treatment of upper respiratory tract disorders or as a topical medication for mild inflammation of the throat, mouth, and skin. Taking into consideration the significance of L. album in traditional medicines across Europe, as well as the lack of studies describing the quantities of their most abundant constituents, we aimed to design a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detection (HPLC–DAD) method for potential standardization procedures of extracts from flowers of L. album. The HPLC–DAD method was developed and validated for quantification of iridoids (lamalbid), phenolic acids/depsides (chlorogenic acid), phenylpropanoids (verbascoside), and flavonoids (rutin; quercetin malonylhexoside; tiliroside) in aqueous and ethanolic-aqueous extracts of Lamii albi flos. The method was specific, accurate, and precise. Lamalbid was the most abundant compound both in aqueous (39.09 ± 1.02 m/g dry weight) and ethanolic-aqueous (26.66 ± 0.64 m/g dry weight) extracts. The quantities of selected compounds, except for chlorogenic acid and tiliroside, were higher in the aqueous extract than in the ethanolic-aqueous one. In conclusion, the method developed allowed for quantitation of compounds from different classes. In particular, chlorogenic acid and verbascoside have been proposed as reference compounds for routine quantitative control of Lamii albi flos.

Use of Secondary Metabolites Profiling and Antioxidant Activity to Unravel the Differences between Two Species of Nettle

“…In general, the highest concentrations of iridoids are observed in the E2 extract, as in the case of the TLC profile. According to the retention times and comparing with data from the literature [ 22 ], the following iridoids can be identified in the L. album extracts: lamalbid (RT—1.84 min), caryoptoside (RT—3.34 min), lamuisid A (RT—10.97 min) and tiliroside (RT—22.55).…”

Metabolomics-Based Profiling of Clerodendrum speciosum (Lamiaceae) Leaves Using LC/ESI/MS-MS and In Vivo Evaluation of Its Antioxidant Activity Using Caenorhabditis elegans Model

“…Besides, phenolic acids, flavonoids and iridoids were also present. These compounds were identified as quinic acid derivative (1) [ 30 ], serratoside A (2) [ 31 , 32 ], fuhsioside (3) [ 33 ], calceolarioside C (4) [ 34 ], verbascoside (5) [ 35 ], tiliroside (6) [ 36 ], rhamnazin-3 O -rutinoside (7) [ 35 ], quercetin methyl galloyl-hexoside (8) [ 37 ], rosmarinic acid (9) [ 35 ], scroside B ( 10 ) [ 38 ], 2′,4″-diacetyl leucosceptoside (11) [ 39 ], acacetin 7- O -β- d -hexosyl-(1 → 2) [α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β- d -hexoside (12) [ 40 ], tubuloside E (13) [ 41 ], coumaric acid derivative (14) [ 42 ], 3-hydroxy-12-oleanene-28,29-dioic acid-3- O -α-L-pentosyl, 28- O - β - D -hexosyl ester (15) [ 43 ], and methyl ligstroside aglycones (16) [ 37 ]. A scheme showing most of the phytoconstituents tentatively identified in the total methanol extract of C. speciosum leaves using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS in the negative ion mode is illustrated in Figure 4 .…”

Histochemical and Phytochemical Analysis of Lamium album subsp. album L. Corolla: Essential Oil, Triterpenes, and Iridoids

“…Only Adema [ 47 ] detected lamioside, i.e., an iridoid classified as an aucubin-like compound, in the leaves of L. album and other Lamium species, e.g., L. garganicum , L. longiflorum , L. amplexicaule , L. purpureum , and L. maculatum . Many researchers have described the presence of other iridoids in L. album organs, e.g., caryoptoside, lamalbid, and secoiridoid alboside B [ 127 ], lamalbid, caryoptoside, shanzhiside methyl ester, and barlerin [ 44 , 45 ], lamiusides A, B, and C and 6″-O-β-D-glucopyranosylmartynoside [ 50 ], and lamalbid and shanzhiside methyl ester [ 128 , 129 ]. As reported by these authors, most of these nonvolatile glycoside compounds exhibit numerous therapeutic properties.…”