Lake level changes in the Tibetan Plateau from Cryosat-2, SARAL, ICESat, and Jason-2 altimeters

Hwang, Cheinway; Cheng, Yuh Jen; Yang, Wan Hsin; Zhang, Guoqing; Huang, Yiwen; Shen, Wen Bin; Pan, Yuanjin

doi:10.3319/tao.2018.07.09.01

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…As mentioned earlier in Section 5.1, Lake Kusai experienced an abrupt expansion in 2011, resulting from dike-break of an upstream lake (Hwang et al, 2019;Liu et al, 2016;Xiaojun et al, 2012), named Lake Zhuonai (91.93 E, 35.54 N). The Earth Syst.…”

Section: Lake Overflow Flood Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 87%

Densified multi-mission observations by developed optical water levels show marked increases in lake water storage and overflow floods on the Tibetan Plateau

Long

Huang

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The Tibetan Plateau (TP) known as Asia's water towers is quite sensitive to climate change, reflected by changes 10 in hydrological state variables such as lake water storage. Given the extremely limited ground observations on the TP due to the harsh environment and complex terrain, we exploited multisource remote sensing, i.e., multiple altimetric missions and Landsat archives to create dense time series (monthly and even higher such as 10 days on average) of lake water level and storage changes across 52 large lakes (>100 km 2 ) on the TP during 2000-2017 (the data set is available online with a DOI: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.898411). Field experiments were carried out in two typical lakes to validate the remotely 15 sensed results. With Landsat archives and partial altimetry data, we developed optical water levels that cover most of TP lakes and serve as an ideal reference for merging multisource lake water levels. The optical water levels show an uncertainty of ~0.1 m that is comparable with most altimetry data and largely reduce the lack of dense altimetric observations with systematic errors well removed for most of lakes. The densified lake water levels provided critical and accurate information on the longterm and short-term monitoring of lake water level and storage changes on the TP. We found that the total storage of the 52 20 lakes increased by 97.3 km 3 at two stages, i.e., 6.68 km 3 /yr during 2000-2012 and 2.85 km 3 /yr during 2012-2017. The total overflow from Lake Kusai to Lake Haidingnuoer and Lake Salt during Nov 9-Dec 31 in 2011 was estimated to be 0.22 km 3 , providing critical information on lake overflow flood monitoring and prediction as the expansion of some TP lakes becomes a serious threat to surrounding residents and infrastructure.

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Section: Lake Overflow Flood Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 87%

Densified multi-mission observations by developed optical water levels show marked increases in lake water storage and overflow floods on the Tibetan Plateau

Long

Huang

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Moreover, there is a trend of accelerated expansion after 2017 (See Fig. 10(c)), which is the result of rainfall and the melting of glaciers upstream [41]. The area increased 10.1 km 2 from December 2014 to January 2017 while the area increased approximate 30.7 km 2 from January 2017 to January 2019 with about three times expansion rate.…”

Section: B Deformation and Water Levelmentioning

confidence: 96%

Map and Quantify the Ground Deformation Around Salt Lake in Hoh Xil, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Using Time-Series InSAR From 2006 to 2018

Zhang

Wang

Liu

et al. 2021

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing

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After the bursting of the Zhuonai Lake in Hoh Xil, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) in 2011, the water area and level of the Salt Lake increased rapidly. The lake area expanding would accelerate the melting of permafrost and contribute to many severe environmental issues, including the surface deformation around the lake. In this paper, we retrieve the deformation of permafrost area around the Salt Lake using time-series InSAR method with ENVISAT and Sentinel-1A images from October 2006 to December 2018. In order to get more measurement points, the distributed scatterers (DS) were utilized. Moreover, a deformation model combining two components: long-term linear deformation and seasonal deformation related with temperature, was adopted in the InSAR processing. The experimental results show that before the outburst of The Zhuonai Lake, the ground deformation was not obvious, with the mean deformation rate of-5 to 5 mm•year-1 from the ENVISAT results. From 2014 to 2018, the ground deformation around the Salt Lake gradually increased, with the maximum deformation rate over-25 mm•year-1. The water area and water level of Salt Lake were extracted based on the SAR amplitude images and Cryosat-2 radar altimeter data, showing a rapid increasing trend after 2017. The time-series displacement in the south of lake shows a high correlation with the lake level history. This study clearly illustrate that time-series InSAR could provide valuable information for monitoring potential hazards in permafrost region.

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“…CryoSat-2 data were processed after Xue et al (2018) and were used to investigate water level variations between 2010 and 2018. Both lakes were observed by the ICESat satellite two or three times a year (Phan et al, 2012) and by the CryoSat-2 satellite every 2 or 3 months (Kleinherenbrink et al, 2015;Jiang et al, 2017). Notably, the two datasets are referenced to different ellipsoids and geoid heights.…”

Section: Satellite Observationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of downstream lakes to Aru glacier collapses on the western Tibetan Plateau

et al. 2021

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Abstract. The lower parts of two glaciers in the Aru range on the western Tibetan Plateau (TP) collapsed on 17 July and 21 September 2016, respectively, causing fatal damage to local people and their livestock. The giant ice avalanches, with a total volume of 150 × 106 m3, had almost melted by September 2019 (about 30 % of the second ice avalanche remained). The impact of these extreme disasters on downstream lakes has not been investigated yet. Based on in situ observation, bathymetry survey and satellite data, we explore the impact of the ice avalanches on the two downstream lakes (i.e., Aru Co and Memar Co) in terms of lake morphology, water level and water temperature in the subsequent 4 years (2016–2019). After the first glacier collapse, the ice avalanche slid into Aru Co along with a large amount of debris, which generated great impact waves in Aru Co and significantly modified the lake's shoreline and underwater topography. An ice volume of at least 7.1 × 106 m3 was discharged into Aru Co, spread over the lake surface and considerably lowered its surface temperature by 2–4 ∘C in the first 2 weeks after the first glacier collapse. Due to the large amount of meltwater input, Memar Co exhibited more rapid expansion after the glacier collapses (2016–2019) than before (2003–2014), in particular during the warm season. The melting of ice avalanches was found to contribute to about 23 % of the increase in lake storage between 2016 and 2019. Our results indicate that the Aru glacier collapses had both short-term and long-term impacts on the downstream lakes and provide a baseline in understanding the future lake response to glacier melting on the TP under a warming climate.

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Lake level changes in the Tibetan Plateau from Cryosat-2, SARAL, ICESat, and Jason-2 altimeters

Cited by 30 publications

References 30 publications

Densified multi-mission observations by developed optical water levels show marked increases in lake water storage and overflow floods on the Tibetan Plateau

Densified multi-mission observations by developed optical water levels show marked increases in lake water storage and overflow floods on the Tibetan Plateau

Map and Quantify the Ground Deformation Around Salt Lake in Hoh Xil, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Using Time-Series InSAR From 2006 to 2018

Response of downstream lakes to Aru glacier collapses on the western Tibetan Plateau

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