Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289 ameliorates chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis

Abstract

Oral mucositis (OM) is a common complication of cancer therapy, however OM management remains unsatisfactory. There is a growing interest in the therapeutic potential of probiotics in OM due to positive findings of its use in intestinal mucositis. This study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of the probiotic combination Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289 strains in chemotherapy-induced OM. Mice were divided into 4 groups. PBS/water and PBS/LR groups comprised of mice injected with PBS intraperitoneally (i.p.), and were given water or the mixture of L. reuteri (LR) DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289 in water respectively. The 5-FU/water and 5-FU/LR groups comprised of mice injected with 5-FU i.p., and were given water or L. reuteri DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289 in water respectively. Histopathological analysis revealed that the oral epithelia of the 5-FU/water and 5-FU/LR groups were thinner compared to PBS/water and PBS/LR groups. However, epithelial damage was significantly reduced in the 5-FU/LR compared to 5-FU/water group. Additionally, the 5-FU/LR group showed reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in the oral mucosa. We further showed that L. reuteri reduced oxidative stress through the nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2) signalling. There was no evidence of translocation of L. reuteri systemically. This study demonstrated for the first time that L. reuteri protected oral mucosa against damage induced by chemotherapy.

A comparative in-vitro study on antimicrobial efficacy of on-market alcohol-based hand washing sanitizers towards combating microbes and its application in combating Covid-19 global outbreak

“…A standard S. aureus (ATCC-25923) , E coli (ATCC-25922) , P. aeroginosa (ATC-27853C), and C. albicans (ATCC-10231) preserved and archived in 15% glycerol, were revived by culturing it in nutrient and Saborauds dextrose agar [ 30 ], [ 31 ].…”

Protective Effects of Cannabidiol on Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis via the Nrf2/Keap1/ARE Signaling Pathways

“…After stimulation, Nrf2 separates from Keap1, translocates into the nucleus, and then combines with the antioxidant response elements (AREs) and upregulates the expression of key genes including HO-1 and NQO1 [ 44 ]. Oral mucosal cell knockout of Nrf2 failed to induce the synthesis of antioxidant genes [ 45 ]. Braun et al found that the expression of various key players involved in wound healing was significantly reduced in Nrf2 knockout animals [ 46 ].…”

Preventive Effect of Probiotics on Oral Mucositis Induced by Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Several animal studies have attempted to explain the mechanisms underlying the development of oral mucositis. In mice, lactobacillus reuteri exerted a protective effect on 5-fluorouracil-induced oral mucosal damage [ 37 ]; lactobacillus reuteri not only downregulated NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, but also mediated the antioxidative effect through nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, a key transcription factor in mitigating oxidative stress [ 38 ]. Another animal study reported that Streptococcus salivarius K12 exerted a preventive effect on radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis in mice by modulating oral microbiota and improving microbial dysbiosis, which is involved in the development and progression of oral mucositis following radiotherapy [ 39 ].…”