Lactobacillus pentosus Increases the Abundance of Akkermansia and Affects the Serum Metabolome to Alleviate DSS-Induced Colitis in a Murine Model

Abstract

Lactobacillus pentosus has the beneficial function of regulating the host's immune system and plays an indispensable role in intestinal health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the specific mechanism by which L. pentosus relieves dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced ulcerative colon inflammation. We randomly divided 24 mice into three groups, which were administered either a basic diet, drinking water with 2.5% DSS (DSS), or drinking water with 2.5% DSS and intragastric administration of L. pentosus (DSS + L. pentosus). DSS was added to the drinking water on days 8 to 12, and L. pentosus was administered on days 12 to 19. Serum was collected for metabolomic analysis, colon length and weight were measured, and colon contents were collected to detect microbial structural composition. Compared with the DSS group, the DSS + L. pentosus group had significantly higher levels of indolepyruvate and pantothenic acid in the serum and significantly lower levels of 3,4-dimethyl-5pentyl-2-furannonanoic acid and 5-oxo-6-trans-leukotriene B4. Moreover, compared with the other two groups, the DSS + L. pentosus group had a significantly greater abundance of Akkermansia. The abundance of Akkermansia was positively correlated with indolepyruvate and pantothenic acid levels. Therefore, L. pentosus can interact with Akkermansia to increase its abundance in the intestinal tract. This results in the production of metabolites that are beneficial for the regulation of intestinal immunity, thereby alleviating DSS-induced ulcerative colon inflammation.

Therapeutic Potential of an Intestinotrophic Hormone, Glucagon-Like Peptide 2, for Treatment of Type 2 Short Bowel Syndrome Rats with Intestinal Bacterial and Fungal Dysbiosis

“…In line with previous research, the relative abundance of Akkermansia genus from Verrucomicrobia phylum decreased signi cantly and even disappeared completely in SBS rats [2]. Akkermansia is a newly discovered star probiotics, which has a variety of bene cial biological functions, such as anti-tumor effect, intestinal mucosal barrier protection, and alleviating colonic in ammation [30][31][32]. Yu Xu and colleagues summarized that Akkermansia could protect the intestinal mucosal barrier and inhibit the translocation of intestinal ora, therefore reducing the level of LPS in circulation and thus inhibiting the in ammatory response.…”

Roles of Macrophages in the Development and Treatment of Gut Inflammation

“…Li et al found the central role of alternative M2 skewing of miR-155 in colitis and suggested that macrophages might be the main target of treatment ( Li et al, 2018 ). The Grb2-associated binding protein 2 (Gab2), which plays a role in regulating the activation of macrophages and T cells, and Grb2-associated binding protein 3 (Gab3), which is highly expressed in some immune cell types, redundantly regulate the activation of macrophages and CD8 + T cells to inhibit colitis ( Uno et al, 2010 ; Bezman et al, 2012 ; Best et al, 2013 ; Festuccia et al, 2014 ; Kaneda et al, 2016 ; Wang et al, 2019 ; Ma et al, 2020b ). Human catestatin (hCT), which has immunomodulatory properties, can reduce the severity of inflammatory recurrence by regulating M1 macrophages and releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines ( Zhang et al, 2009 ; Rabbi et al, 2017 ).…”

Therapeutic potential of an intestinotrophic hormone, glucagon-like peptide 2, for treatment of type 2 short bowel syndrome rats with intestinal bacterial and fungal dysbiosis

“…In line with previous research, the relative abundance of Akkermansia genus from Verrucomicrobia phylum decreased significantly and even disappeared completely in SBS rats [ 2 ]. Akkermansia is a newly discovered star probiotics, which has a variety of beneficial biological functions, such as anti-tumor effect, intestinal mucosal barrier protection, and alleviating colonic inflammation [ 30 – 32 ]. Yu Xu and colleagues summarized that Akkermansia could protect the intestinal mucosal barrier and inhibit the translocation of intestinal flora, therefore reducing the level of LPS in circulation and thus inhibiting the inflammatory response [ 33 ].…”