Lactobacillus gasseri PA-3 Uses the Purines IMP, Inosine and Hypoxanthine and Reduces their Absorption in Rats

Abstract

Excessive intake of purine-rich foods elevates serum levels of uric acid. Animal and fish meats contain high amounts of inosine and its related purines, and the reduction of taking those purines is crucial for the improvement of serum uric acid levels. We previously showed that Lactobacillus gasseri PA-3 (PA-3) incorporates adenosine and its related purines and that oral treatment with PA-3 reduced adenosine absorption in rats. This study investigated whether PA-3 also incorporates IMP (inosine 5′-monophosphate), inosine, and hypoxanthine, and whether it reduces their absorption in rats. PA-3 was incubated in vitro with radioisotope (RI)-labeled IMP, inosine, and hypoxanthine, and the incorporation of these compounds by PA-3 was evaluated. In addition, rats were orally administered PA-3 along with RI-labeled inosine 5′-monophosphate, inosine, or hypoxanthine, and the ability of PA-3 to attenuate the absorption of these purines was determined. PA-3 incorporated all three purines and displayed greater proliferation in the presence than in the absence of these purines. Oral administration of PA-3 to rats reduced the absorption of IMP, inosine, and hypoxanthine. These results indicate that PA-3 reduces the absorption of purines contained in foods and it is expected that PA-3 contributes attenuation of the excessive intake of dietary purines.

<b>Yogurt containing <i>Lactobacillus</i> <i>gasseri</i> PA-3 alleviates increases in serum uric acid concentration induced by purine ingestion: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study</b>

“…The present study showed that PA -3Y reduced the increase in the SUA concentration observed during purineloading tests without increasing urinary uric acid excretion. Taken together, these findings showed that, in humans, PA -3Y alleviated the rise in the SUA concentration, probably by scavenging foodderived purines in the intestines, resulting in decreased absorption, and not by augmentation of the urinary excretion of uric acid, being similar to previous in vitro and in vivo findings 17,18,20) . It has been reported that Lactobacillus gasseri exhibits resistance to gastric acid and bile salts 21) .…”

“…PA -3 has been shown to degrade nucleosides and incorporate nucleotides, nucleosides, and purine bases in vitro 20) . Moreover, PA -3 was shown to reduce the in vivo absorption of orallyingested purines by rat intestines 17,18) . The present study showed that PA -3Y reduced the increase in the SUA concentration observed during purineloading tests without increasing urinary uric acid excretion.…”

“…that Lactobacillus gasseri PA -3 (PA -3) had the strongest ability to degrade nucleosides 17) . PA -3 has also been shown to take up exogenous AMP (adenosine 5' -monophosphate) , adenosine, and adenine in vitro 17) , and the oral administration of PA -3 to rats, along with AMP, adenosine, hypoxanthine, inosine, or IMP reduced the absorption of these purines by the rat intestines 18) . Moreover, studies in humans found that SUA levels were lower in subjects who ingested yogurt containing PA -3 (PA -3Y) than in those who ingested yogurt without PA -3 (control yogurt) 19) .…”

Can Probiotics and Diet Promote Beneficial Immune Modulation and Purine Control in Coronavirus Infection?

“…Probiotics can help maintain or restore the balance of the intestinal microbiome and, consequently, improve the immune system’s response against aggression to the human organism [ 50 ]. Among the mechanisms of probiotics that corroborate with intestinal and systemic health is the competition with pathogenic microorganisms for adhesion sites and nutritional sources, the secretion of antimicrobial peptides, the action of metabolites, nucleosidase activity, and even immunomodulation by signaling pathways of intestinal and immune cells [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ].…”

“…Besides the mechanisms well explored for probiotic action [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ], a metabolic pathway has recently aroused the interest of researchers. This route involves the intestinal purine metabolism, possibly one of the explanations for the benefits achieved with the use of probiotics [ 57 , 58 ], to improve the immune system in cases of viral infections.…”