Lactobacillus crispatus Capsules: Single-Use Safety Study in the Macaca nemestrina Model

Bacterial Vaginosis and Susceptibility to HIV Infection in South African Women: A Nested Case‐Control Study

“…Follow-up visits at 24 and 36 months after enrollment were still being conducted when this nested case-control study was undertaken. For comparison, control subjects were selected at random from the cohort (n p 324) of women who had not seroconverted by the visit at which the index case patient had seroconverted (i.e., incidence-density sampling was used) and were frequency matched to case patients by age category (35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49), or 50-65 years old) to facilitate statistical adjustment for age [22,23].…”

HIV sexual transmission and microbicides

“…the use of exogenous lactobacilli to colonise the vaginal canal to maintain/restore the acidic pH. A study in macaques showed that it was feasible and safe to colonise the vagina with Lactobacillus crispatus [132], whereas an exploratory study in nine women showed a colonisation success of >50% [133]. Questions remain about the duration of colonisation and effectiveness against bacterial vaginosis [134].…”

Engineered VaginalLactobacillusStrain for Mucosal Delivery of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Inhibitor Cyanovirin-N

“…The strength of the female pigtailed macaque is that the anatomy and physiology of the reproductive tract is similar to that of the human, including a Lactobacillus-dominant microflora (28) and a regular menstrual cycle. Unlike the mouse model, up to 10 8 Lactobacillus bacteria can colonize the vaginal mucosal surface of the pigtailed macaque (27).…”