Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DLPT4 Protects Against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in Mice by Regulating Immune Response and Intestinal Flora

Abstract

In this study, the strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DLPT4 was investigated for the immunostimulatory activity in cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressed BALB/c mice. L. plantarum DLPT4 was administered to BALB/c mice by oral gavage for 30 days, and CTX was injected intraperitoneally from 25th to 27th days. Intraperitoneally CTX injection caused the damage to the thymic cortex and intestines, and the immune dysfunction of the BALB/c mice. While L. plantarum DLPT4 oral administration exerted immunoregulating effects evidenced by increasing the serum immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG and IgM levels, and reducing the expression of pro-in ammatory factors (IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α) of the BALB/c mice with intraperitoneally CTX injection.The results of the BALB/c mice feces metagenome-sequencing showed that L. plantarum DLPT4 oral administration can regulate the intestinal microbial community by changing the ratio of Lactiplantibacillus and Bi dobacterium.Meanwhile, the abundance of carbohydrate enzyme (CAZyme), immune diseases metabolic pathways and p38 and AP-1 MAPK signaling pathways were enriched in the BALB/c mice with L. plantarum DLPT4 oral administration.In conclusion, L. plantarum DLPT4 administration ameliorated CTX-induced immunosuppression in BALB/c mice by regulating gut microbiota, and further in uencing the abundance of carbohydrate esterase in the intestinal ora and increasing the immune metabolic activity. L. plantarum DLPT4 could be used as promising probiotics to regulate immune response. Highlights• Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DLPT4 oral administration could increase the serum immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG levels of CTX-induced mice.• Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DLPT4 oral administration restored gut microbiota of CTX-induced immunosuppression in mice • Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DLPT4 oral administration could enrich the abundance of carbohydrate enzyme (CAZyme), immune diseases metabolic pathways and p38 and AP-1 MAPK signaling pathways.

Effect of bovine colostrum liposomes on the bioavailability of immunoglobulin G and their immunoregulatory function in immunosuppressed BALB/c mice

“…Consistent with the investigations of other researchers, [32][33][34] Food & Function Paper our current research indicated that CTX could decrease the body weight, spleen weight, and thymus weight in BALB/c mice, which indicated that CTX could cause damage to the immune system in the mice; however, the supplementation of BC encapsulated by liposomes improved these adverse alterations and exhibited a better effect than BC alone (Fig. 3 and 4).…”

“…39 Detrimental environments can cause the oxidation and inflammation of the intestine, and numerous studies have indicated that CTX can induce a shortening and shedding of the intestinal villus, ultimately leading to damage of the intestinal mucosal layer. 32,33,40 Our current research suggested that CTX triggered damage to the jejunum structure, as manifested by the disappearance of muscle layers and exposure of the lamina propria structure; however, supplementation with BCL restored the structures of the jejunal epithelial cells (Fig. 6).…”

Histological study of the role of CD34+ stem cells and mast cells in cyclophosphamide-induced thymic injury in rats and the possible attenuating role of melatonin

“…Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug. Unfortunately, CP has been reported to induce thymic atrophy and increase the incidence of infection due to immunosuppressive alterations (Song et al 2023 ). Melatonin is a potent antioxidant (Anghel et al 2022 ).…”

Cladosporium sphaerospermum extract inhibits quorum sensing associated virulence factors of Serratia marcescens

“…In healthcare contexts, carbapenem-resistant S. marcescens (CRSM) is an emerging problem, and its enzyme can hydrolyze antibacterial drugs, including imipenem [ 3 , 41 ]. Synergistic effects of QS inhibitors and conventional antimicrobial drugs is a strategy to restore bacterial sensitivity [ 15 , 42 ]. In this study, SCSGAF0054 extracts increased the susceptibility of S. marcescens NJ01 to imipenem and disrupted membrane structures.…”

“…Prodigiosin production assay was performed based on previous report with minor modifications [ 15 ]. Briefly, 1 mL of acidified ethanol (4%, 1 M HCl) was mixed with the pellets.…”