Lactic Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes in Adolescents With Multiple Sclerosis

Reference intervals for the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of healthy canines

“…Cerebrospinal fluid LD activity and isoenzyme patterns have also proven clinically relevant in human medicine. Studies have found that LD isoenzyme distributions in the CSF can rapidly differentiate bacterial meningitis from aseptic meningitis in human patients, and that CSF isoenzymes are altered in patients with Guillain‐Barre syndrome and multiple sclerosis . Importantly, there have been very few studies regarding CSF LD activity in veterinary medicine, although there are indications that it could be a useful diagnostic tool for distinguishing between neurologic diseases that present similarly, such as infectious and noninfectious meningitis .…”

“…Studies have found that LD isoenzyme distributions in the CSF can rapidly differentiate bacterial meningitis from aseptic meningitis in human patients, [16][17][18][19] and that CSF isoenzymes are altered in patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome 20 and multiple sclerosis. 21 Importantly, there have been very few studies regarding CSF LD activity in veterinary medicine, although there are indications that it could be a useful diagnostic tool for distinguishing between neurologic diseases that present similarly, such as infectious and noninfectious meningitis. [22][23][24][25] Moreover, the normal activity and distribution of LD and its isoenzymes in canine CSF have been poorly characterized, with only 1 study of Beagles currently described in the literature.…”

<p>Comparisons Between Infectious and Autoimmune Encephalitis: Clinical Signs, Biochemistry, Blood Counts, and Imaging Findings</p>

“… 40 Elishkevitz et al reported that the damage of neurons caused the rise of CSF LDH in patients with multiple sclerosis. 41 Likewise, the levels of CSF protein, LDH, Lac and ADA were found to be higher in AE patients without NAAb than those with NSAbs. However, the potential causes were still not well understood, and worthful for further studies.…”

Natalizumab promotes anti-inflammatory and repair effects in multiple sclerosis

“…This included an increase in both lactate dehydrogenase A and B (LDHA and LDHB), as well as malate dehydrogenase (MDH1), which to our knowledge has not previously been reported to be affected by treatment. The LDH functional protein has been found to have increased activity in plasma from SPMS patients compared to healthy controls [ 46 ], and abnormal isoenzyme types of LDH have been found in the CSF of MS patients [ 47 ]. Further investigation of the LDH isoenzyme could reveal what effect natalizumab has on lactate metabolism during treatment.…”