Lack of neural load modulation explains attention and working memory deficits in first-episode schizophrenia

Li, Dongwei; Zhang, Xianfeng; Kong, Yuanjun; Yin, Weizhen; Jiang, Kai; Guo, Xinxin; Dong, Xiaodi; Fu, Lin; Gao, Hong; Li, Jun; Zhai, Jing; Su, Zhonghua; Song, Yan; Chen, Min

doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2022.02.001

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…However, the univariate analysis could not fully explain variability in behavior and deficits in complex and subtle neural processing of selective attention. Consistent with previous studies (Bae & Luck, 2018 ; Bae & Luck, 2019 ; Hong et al, 2020 ; Li et al, 2022 ), through machine learning of multichannel ERP signals, the ability of children with ADHD to represent the target spatial location was significantly worse than the target localization ability of TD children. In addition, a delayed peak latency of decoding accuracy in children with ADHD revealed slower target detection during a visual search.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…We applied a recently proposed multivariate pattern decoding approach (Bae & Luck, 2019 ; Hong et al, 2020 ; Li et al, 2022 ) to classify the target locations (Figure 2 ). Decoding was considered correct only if the classifier correctly determined the target location, and chance performance was therefore 25%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We applied a recently proposed multivariate pattern decoding approach (Bae & Luck, 2019;Hong et al, 2020;Li et al, 2022)…”

Section: Multivariate Pattern Decodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Information‐based multivariate decoding reveals imprecise neural encoding in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder during visual selective attention

Luo

Guo

et al. 2022

Human Brain Mapping

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in school‐age children. Attentional orientation is a potential clinical diagnostic marker to aid in the early diagnosis of ADHD. However, the underlying pathophysiological substrates of impaired attentional orienting in childhood ADHD remain unclear. Electroencephalography (EEG) was measured in 135 school‐age children (70 with childhood ADHD and 65 matched typically developing children) to directly investigate target localization during spatial selective attention through univariate ERP analysis and information‐based multivariate pattern machine learning analysis. Compared with children with typical development, a smaller N2pc was found in the ADHD group through univariate ERP analysis. Children with ADHD showed a lower parieto‐occipital multivariate decoding accuracy approximately 240–340 ms after visual search onset, which predicts a slower reaction time and larger standard deviation of reaction time. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between N2pc and decoding accuracy in typically developing children but not in children with ADHD. These observations reveal that impaired attentional orienting in ADHD may be due to inefficient neural encoding responses. By using a personalized information‐based multivariate machine learning approach, we have advanced the understanding of cognitive deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders. Our study provides potential research directions for the early diagnosis and optimization of personalized intervention in children with ADHD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Information‐based multivariate decoding reveals imprecise neural encoding in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder during visual selective attention

Luo

Guo

et al. 2022

Human Brain Mapping

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“…In conclusion, our study provides novel and compelling evidence that 1064-nm tPBM applied to the right PFC enhances visual WM capacity in humans. Considering that several disorders, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, and AD, show a decline in WM capacity (56)(57)(58), our observations offers a safe, effective, cost-effective, and noninvasive brain intervention tool for clinical applications. To date, there are no side effects or harm associated with tPBM reported in the literature.…”

Section: Benefits Of Tpbm and Potential Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial photobiomodulation enhances visual working memory capacity in humans

Zhao

Kong

et al. 2022

Sci. Adv.

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Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) is a safe and noninvasive intervention that has shown promise for improving cognitive performance. Whether tPBM can modulate brain activity and thereby enhance working memory (WM) capacity in humans remains unclear. In this study, we found that 1064-nm tPBM applied to the right prefrontal cortex (PFC) improves visual working memory capacity and increases occipitoparietal contralateral delay activity (CDA). The CDA set-size effect during retention mediated the effect between the 1064-nm tPBM and subsequent WM capacity. The behavioral benefits and the corresponding changes in the CDA set-size effect were absent with tPBM at a wavelength of 852 nm or with stimulation of the left PFC. Our findings provide converging evidence that 1064-nm tPBM applied to the right PFC can improve WM capacity.

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“…Multivariate pattern classification was applied to decode the orientations of the target and non-target objects ( Fig 2A ). Each segment for decoding analysis was defined as −200 ms to 2400 ms around the onset of the retro-cue and was down-sampled to 50 Hz to improve the stability of decoding by averaging several adjacent time points (64). Segments were labeled with different target/non-target orientations with 8 labels in total.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking neural correlates of prioritizing working memory representations through retrospective attentional strengthening

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Previous work has proposed two potentials benefits of retrospective attention on working memory (WM): target strengthening and non-target inhibition. It remains unknown which hypothesis contributes to the improved WM performance, yet the neural mechanisms responsible for this attentional benefit are unclear. Here, we recorded electroencephalography (EEG) signals while 33 participants performed a retrospective-cue WM task. Multivariate pattern classification analysis revealed that only representations of target features were enhanced by valid retrospective attention during the retention, supporting the target strengthening hypothesis. Further univariate analysis found that mid-frontal theta inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) and ERP components were modulated by valid retrospective attention and correlated with individual differences and moment-to-moment fluctuations on behavioral outcomes, suggesting that both trait- and state-level variability in attentional preparatory processes influence goal-directed behavior. Furthermore, task-irrelevant target spatial location could be decoded from EEG signals, indicating that enhanced spatial binding of target representation promotes high WM precision. Importantly, frontoparietal theta-alpha phase-amplitude-coupling was increased by valid retrospective attention and predicted the reduced randomly guessing rates. This long-range connection supported top-down information flow in engagement of frontoparietal networks, which might organize attentional states to integrate target features. Altogether, these results provide neurophysiological bases that retrospective attention improves WM precision through enhancing representation of target and emphasize the critical role of frontoparietal attentional network in the control of WM representations.

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Lack of neural load modulation explains attention and working memory deficits in first-episode schizophrenia

Cited by 4 publications

References 66 publications

Information‐based multivariate decoding reveals imprecise neural encoding in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder during visual selective attention

Information‐based multivariate decoding reveals imprecise neural encoding in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder during visual selective attention

Transcranial photobiomodulation enhances visual working memory capacity in humans

Tracking neural correlates of prioritizing working memory representations through retrospective attentional strengthening

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