Lack of effect of oral magnesium on high blood pressure: a double blind study.

Cappuccio, Francesco P.; Markandu, Nirmala D.; Beynon, Gareth; Shore, AC; Sampson, B.; MacGregor, G. A.

doi:10.1136/bmj.291.6490.235

Cited by 153 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Although the plasma magnesium concentration and urinary magnesium excretion significantly increased during magnesium supplementation, mean blood pressure did not change throughout the study. Their results 15 differ from ours, and that may be due to the difference in salt intake because urinary sodium excretion in our study was much more than in their study. The speculation that Japanese may have more sodium retention compared with Americans and Europeans because of a higher salt intake from diet coincides with the data in the present study that patients with the higher RBC Na showed the greater hypotensive effect during treatment with oral magnesium.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, we speculate that oral magnesium treatment is effective for lowering high blood pressure in patients with an increased level of a circulating sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na + ,K + -ATPase) inhibitor. Essential hypertensive patients were given MgO in the present study, whereas Cappuccio et al 15 used magnesium aspartate in their study. Although the plasma magnesium concentration and urinary magnesium excretion significantly increased during magnesium supplementation, mean blood pressure did not change throughout the study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Oral magnesium supplementation in patients with essential hypertension.

1989

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To elucidate the effects of magnesium on high blood pressure, a 4-week study of oral magnesium supplementation (MgO 1 g/day) was conducted in 21 outpatients with uncomplicated essential hypertension. During the study, blood pressure and intraerythrocyte sodium concentration decreased significantly, and the erythrocyte ouabain-sensitive Na efflux rate constant (K^ and intraerythrocyte magnesium concentration both increased. Serum triglyceride and free fatty add concentrations were reduced. Furthermore, the elevation in K m significantly and positively correlated with both the increase in intraerythrocyte magnesium concentration and the decrease in mean blood pressure. There was a significant inverse correlation between the prestudy K m and the decrease in mean blood pressure. In addition, when patients were divided according to their overall decrease in mean blood pressure, the prestudy intraerythrocyte sodium concentration was significantly higher in patients with a mean blood pressure decrease of more than 7 mm Hg than that of patients whose mean blood pressure decrease was less than 7 mm Hg. These results suggest that oral magnesium supplementation may lower blood pressure through the activation of a cell membrane sodium pump and may reduce serum lipid concentration. It also suggests that the lower the prestudy K m or the higher the prestudy intraerythrocyte sodium concentration, the more effective the oral magnesium treatment is in lowering blood pressure. Therefore, we concluded that appropriate oral magnesium intake might be effective as a nonpharmacological treatment for essential hypertension. (Hypertension 1989;13:227-232) E pidemiological surveys, clinical investigations, and experimental studies have currently reported '-^ that magnesium may play an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and atherogenesis. A recently proposed hypothesis 37 suggests that an impairment of the cell membrane sodium transport system is responsible for the increased total peripheral resistance found in essential hypertension. Magnesium controls cell membrane sodium pump activity, which in turn plays a major role in sodium-potassium transport across cell membranes, thereby affecting vascular tone and reactivity and blood pressure by influencing a Na + -Ca 2+ exchange mechanism. '-8 Furthermore, the atherogenic plasma lipid profile has been improved by magnesium supplementation. -10Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of oral magnesium supplementation on blood pressure and on serum lipid profiles in patients with essential hypertension and to elucidate the From the First Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.Address for correspondence: Takaaki Motoyama, MD, First Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650, Japan.Received August 1, 1987; accepted October 14, 1988. role of magnesium in controlling the cell membrane sodium pump. Patients and MethodsTwenty-one male outpatients with uncomplicate...

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Oral magnesium supplementation in patients with essential hypertension.

1989

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“…Low serum Mg 2ϩ levels are frequently linked to high blood pressure (30,267,270 (260,275,559); however, other studies fail to see such an effect (72,152). A systematic review of the Cochrane Hypertension Group reported a small reduction of diastolic blood pressure (DBP; Ϫ2.2 mmHg, 95% CI Ϫ3.4 to Ϫ0.9), but not of the systolic blood pressure (SBP; Ϫ1.3 mmHg, 95% CI Ϫ4.0 to 1.5) (119).…”

Section: Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Magnesium in Man: Implications for Health and Disease

Baaij

Hoenderop

Bindels

2015

Physiological Reviews

1,251

1,299

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“…[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]40 Inconsistencies between the studies showing the efficacy or the lack of effect of oral magnesium on high BP can be explained based on several issues; among the most important are differences in the type and doses of supplemental magnesium used, magnesium status, duration of intervention and the stage of hypertension. Because differences in the methodology imply differences in the external validity of the studies, comparing results could be inappropriate.…”

Section: Magnesium and Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of lowering blood pressure by magnesium supplementation in diabetic hypertensive adults with low serum magnesium levels: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Guerrero‐Romero

Rodrı́guez-Morán

2008

J Hum Hypertens

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To test the blood pressure (BP)-lowering effect of oral magnesium supplementation (that is, magnesium chloride (MgCl 2 ) solution) in diabetic hypertensive adults with hypomagnesaemia not on diuretic treatment but receiving concurrent captopril, we conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eighty-two subjects between 40 and 75 years of age were randomly enrolled. Over 4 months, subjects in the intervention group received 2.5 g of MgCl 2 (50 ml of a solution containing 50 g of MgCl 2 per 1000 ml of solution) equivalent to 450 mg of elemental magnesium, and control subjects inert placebo. The primary trial end point was a reduction in systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure. Complete follow-up was achieved for 79 of the 82 randomized subjects. SBP (À20.4 ± 15.9 versus À4.7 ± 12.7 mm Hg, P ¼ 0.03) and DBP (À8.7±16.3 versus À1.2±12.6 mm Hg, P ¼ 0.02) showed significant decreases, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (0.1 ± 0.6 versus À0.1 ± 0.7 mmol l À1 , P ¼ 0.04) a significant increase in the magnesium group compared to the placebo group. The adjusted odds ratio between serum magnesium and BP was 2.8 (95%CI: 1.4-6.9). Oral magnesium supplementation with MgCl 2 significantly reduces SBP and DBP in diabetic hypertensive adults with hypomagnesaemia.

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Lack of effect of oral magnesium on high blood pressure: a double blind study.

Cited by 153 publications

References 20 publications

Oral magnesium supplementation in patients with essential hypertension.

Oral magnesium supplementation in patients with essential hypertension.

Magnesium in Man: Implications for Health and Disease

The effect of lowering blood pressure by magnesium supplementation in diabetic hypertensive adults with low serum magnesium levels: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

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