Magnesium in Man: Implications for Health and Disease

Baaij, Jeroen H. F. de; Hoenderop, Joost G. J.; Bindels, René J. M.

doi:10.1152/physrev.00012.2014

Cited by 1,176 publications

(1,339 citation statements)

References 524 publications

(372 reference statements)

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“…Evidence suggests that a disruption in Mg availability and metabolism could be considered the cause and/or result in pathological conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome [4] due to the Mg role in the modulation of inflammation processes, carbohydrate metabolism, regulation of vascular tone, and myocardial metabolism [5]. In this context, we have focused this review in Mg status, dietary recommendations and the influence of Mg deficiency in the risk of diseases associated with inflammation and components of metabolic syndrome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mg status in inflammation, insulin resistance, and associated conditions

Romero

Lima

Colli

2017

Nutrire

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Magnesium (Mg), an essential ion for the human body, is involved in various enzymatic reactions, particularly those related to energy transfer, storage, and transport. Longitudinal studies show that hypomagnesaemia (Mg serum concentration <0.75 mmol/L) and Mg dietary inadequacy (daily intake < EAR (Estimated Average Requirement) for age/gender) are conditions related to metabolic disorders of the immune and cardiovascular system and often occur in obese and diabetic individuals. Poor eating habits, reduced Mg content in food and water are the main causes of the decrease in Mg intake by the general population. In clinical practice, the serum concentration of this mineral is the most widely used marker for diagnosing deficiency. However, the serum concentration does not reflect the nutritional Mg status since it can be maintained by mobilization of body storage, mainly the bone. Thus, the use of serum concentration as the only routine biomarker of Mg status may hinder the diagnosis of Mg deficiency. In clinical and experimental research, different methods for Mg status assessment are proposed (plasma, erythrocyte, urine), but they are seldom used in clinical routine. In some countries (such as USA and Brazil) the average daily Mg dietary ingestion of more than 60% of the adult population is lower than the Estimated Average Requirement for age and gender, and these data are not too different for individuals with chronic non-communicable diseases. It is unclear whether it is an actual reduction of Mg consumption or if the recommendations are overestimated. If we assume that the recommendations are correct, the question is if this condition constitutes a risk factor for chronic diseases or the hypomagnesemia described in some diseases is a consequence of physiopathological changes. This review has the latest information of human and animal studies about Mg status evaluated from plasma, erythrocyte and urine, dietary inadequacy, and its relation to inflammation and to components of metabolic syndrome.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mg status in inflammation, insulin resistance, and associated conditions

Romero

Lima

Colli

2017

Nutrire

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“…Mg 2? has important cellular functions in enzymatic reactions (De Baaij et al 2015). Zinc has a large number of physiological roles, especially in growth and functioning of the immune system (Livingstone 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of elements and bacosides in in vitro shoot culture of Bacopa monnieri

et al. 2016

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The experiments on Bacopa monnieri from Scrophulariaceae family were performed in in vitro shoot cultures conditions in media enriched with Mg ions and serine or anthranilic acid (L1 vitamin). As there is limited literature data available on the content of elements in shoots from B. monnieri in vitro cultures, analyses of magnesium, zinc, potassium, calcium, copper, sodium and iron in plant shoots constituted the aim of the present study. The next aim of the work, for the first time, consists of evaluation of the content and concentration of magnesium and other metals in in vitro shoot cultures of B. monnieri and their influence on bacoside levels, as well as establishment of interactions between the listed analytes. The highest accumulation of magnesium was determined in the plant tissues cultured in media doped with 0.1 g/L serine and 0.5 g/L Mg (2104 lg/g dry weight), and 0.5 mg/g of anthranilic acid and 1.0 g/L Mg (2163 lg/g). The highest concentration of bacosides in the obtained in vitro shoot cultures of B. monnieri (37.3 mg/g dry weight) was found in cultures of the following media composition: MS1 with addition of 0.25 g/L serine and 0.1 g/L Mg, and MS1 with addition of 0.5 g/L serine and 0.5 g/L magnesium. Considering the observed shortage of plant reserves in the natural environment and its curative properties, it seems to be of utmost importance to obtain, as a result of the presented experiment, in vitro shoot cultures of B. monnieri characterized by optimal and reproducible composition of the physiologically active elements and metabolites.

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“…Magnesium (Mg) is a cation with essential roles in normal physiological function 1. Mg modulates vascular smooth muscle tone, peripheral vascular resistance, and blood flow dynamics 2.…”

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Serum Magnesium Levels and Outcomes in Patients With Acute Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Goyal

Tsivgoulis

Malhotra

et al. 2018

JAHA

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BackgroundMagnesium (Mg) has potential hemostatic properties. We sought to investigate the potential association of serum Mg levels (at baseline and at 48 hours) with outcomes in patients with acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).Methods and ResultsWe reviewed data on all patients with spontaneous ICH with available Mg levels at baseline, over a 5‐year period. Clinical and radiological outcome measures included initial hematoma volume, admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and ICH scores, in‐hospital mortality, favorable functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale scores, 0–1), and functional independence (modified Rankin Scale scores, 0–2) at discharge. Our study population consisted of 299 patients with ICH (mean age, 61±13 years; mean admission serum Mg, 1.8±0.3 mg/dL). Increasing admission Mg levels strongly correlated with lower admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (Spearman's r, −0.141; P=0.015), lower ICH score (Spearman's r, −0.153; P=0.009), and lower initial hematoma volume (Spearman's r, −0.153; P=0.012). Higher admission Mg levels were documented in patients with favorable functional outcome (1.9±0.3 versus 1.8±0.3 mg/dL; P=0.025) and functional independence (1.9±0.3 versus 1.8±0.3 mg/dL; P=0.022) at discharge. No association between serum Mg levels at 48 hours and any of the outcome variables was detected. In multiple linear regression analyses, a 0.1‐mg/dL increase in admission serum Mg was independently and negatively associated with the cubed root of hematoma volume at admission (regression coefficient, −0.020; 95% confidence interval, −0.040 to −0.000; P=0.049) and admission ICH score (regression coefficient, −0.053; 95% confidence interval, −0.102 to −0.005; P=0.032).ConclusionsHigher admission Mg levels were independently related to lower admission hematoma volume and lower admission ICH score in patients with acute spontaneous ICH.

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Magnesium in Man: Implications for Health and Disease

Cited by 1,176 publications

References 524 publications

Mg status in inflammation, insulin resistance, and associated conditions

Mg status in inflammation, insulin resistance, and associated conditions

Analysis of elements and bacosides in in vitro shoot culture of Bacopa monnieri

Serum Magnesium Levels and Outcomes in Patients With Acute Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage

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