Lack of Blood Formate Accumulation in Humans Following Exposure to Methanol Vapor at the Current Permissible Exposure Limit of 200 ppm

Lee, Eun Woo; Terzo, Thomas S.; D’Arcy, James B.; Gross, Kenneth B.; Schreck, Richard M.

doi:10.1080/15298669291359357

Cited by 41 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…A number of experimental and ®eld studies have addressed the relationship between inhalation exposures to methanol and biological indicators, including methanol and formate in end-shift urine and methanol in blood (e.g., Leaf and Zatman 1952;Sedivec et al 1981;Kawai et al 1991Kawai et al , 1992Franzblau et al 1992bFranzblau et al , 1997Yasugi et al 1992) as well as breath monitoring (Lee et al 1992;Franzblau et al 1992aFranzblau et al , 1995. Methanol readily passes into and through the skin, and the role of the dermal exposure pathway has been demonstrated in several reports (Dutkiewicz et al 1980;Franzblau et al 1995;Batterman et al 1996a;Batterman and Franzblau 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Breath, urine, and blood measurements as biological exposure indices of short-term inhalation exposure to methanol

Batterman¹,

Franzblau²,

D’Arcy

et al. 1998

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

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Due to their transient nature, short-term exposures can be difficult to detect and quantify using conventional monitoring techniques. Biological monitoring may be capable of registering such exposures and may also be used to estimate important toxicological parameters. This paper investigates relationships between methanol concentrations in the blood, urine, and breath of volunteers exposed to methanol vapor at 800 ppm for periods of 0.5, 1, 2, and 8 h. The results indicate factors that must be considered for interpretation of the results of biological monitoring. For methanol, concentrations are not proportional to the exposure duration due to metabolic and other elimination processes that occur concurrently with the exposure. First-order clearance models can be used with blood, breath, or urine concentrations to estimate exposures if the time that has elapsed since the exposure and the model parameters are known. The 0.5 to 2-h periods of exposure were used to estimate the half-life of methanol. Blood data gave a half-life of 1.44+/-0.33 h. Comparable but slightly more variable results were obtained using urine data corrected for voiding time (1.55+/-0.67h) and breath data corrected for mucous membrane desorption (1.40+/-0.38 h). Methanol concentrations in blood lagged some 15-30 min behind the termination of exposure, and concentrations in urine were further delayed. Although breath sampling may be convenient, breath concentrations reflect end-expired or alveolar air only if subjects are in a methanol-free environment for 30 min or more after the exposure. At earlier times, breath concentrations included contributions from airway desorption or diffusion processes. As based on multicompartmental models, the desorption processes have half-lives ranging between 0.6 and 5 min. Preliminary estimates of the mucous membrane reservoir indicate contributions of under 10% for a 0.5-h exposure and smaller effects for longer periods of exposure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Breath, urine, and blood measurements as biological exposure indices of short-term inhalation exposure to methanol

Batterman¹,

Franzblau²,

D’Arcy

et al. 1998

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

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“…pectine, aspartame) and is formed additionally by the metabolism. In humans levels usually range below 1-2 lg/mL blood (Lee et al, 1992). • Acute toxicity…”

Section: Toxicological Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific opinion on the evaluation of substances as acceptable previous cargoes for edible fats and oils

Knutsen¹,

Alexander²,

Barregård³

et al. 2017

EFS2

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Shipping of edible fats and oils into Europe is permitted in bulk tanks, provided that the previous cargo is included in a positive list. The European Commission requested EFSA to evaluate the acceptability as previous cargoes for fats and oils the substances calcium lignosulphonate, methyl acetate, ethyl tertbutyl ether (ETBE) and ammonium sulphate. The evaluation was based on the same criteria as those used for the evaluation of the substances currently on the list in the Annex to Commission Directive 96/ 3/EC as acceptable previous cargoes for edible fats and oils. Methyl acetate and ETBE meet the criteria for acceptability as previous cargoes. Due to uncertainties, mainly with regard to the composition and toxicity of the low molecular mass fraction, and the fact that the toxicological database is limited to the 40-65 grade and does not cover all grades of calcium lignosulphonate shipped as previous cargoes, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) concluded that calcium lignosulphonate does not meet the criteria for acceptability as a previous cargo. Only food-grade ammonium sulphate meets the criteria for acceptability as a previous cargo due to uncertainties about impurities in other (non-food) grades.

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“…Lee et al (67) demonstrated that after a 6-hr exposure to the current methanol threshold limit value (TLV) of 200 ppm, the formate does not accumulate in blood in human subjects at rest or during exercise. This result was confirmed by other authors (68,6p).…”

Section: Renal Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Health Effects of Gasoline and Its Constituents: A Review of Current Literature (1990-1997) on Toxicological Data

Caprino¹,

Togna²

1998

Environmental Health Perspectives

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We reviewed toxicological studies, both experimental and epidemiological, that appeared in international literature in the period 1990-1997 and induded both leaded and unleaded gasolines as well as their components and additives. The aim of this overview was to select, arrange, and present references of scientific papers published during the period under consideration and to summarize the data in order to give a comprehensive picture ofthe results of toxicological studies performed in laboratory animals (induding carcinogenic, teratogenic, or embryotoxic activity), mutagenicity and genotoxic aspects in mammalian and bacterial systems, and epidemiological results obtained in humans in relation to gasoline exposure. This paper draws attention to the inherent difficulties in assessing with precision any potential adverse effects on health, that is, the risk of possible damage to man and his environment from gasoline. The difficulty of risk assessment still exists despite the fact that the studies examined are definitely more technically valid than those of earlier years. The uncertainty in overall risk determination from gasoline exposure also derives from the conflicting results of different studies, from the lack of a correct scientific approach in some studies, from the variable characteristics ofthe different gasoline mixtures, and from the difficulties of correcdy handling potentially confounding variables related to lifestyle (e.g., cigarette smoking, drug use) or to preeisting pathological conditions. In this respect, this paper highlights the need for accurately assessing the condusive explanations reported in scientific papers so as to avoid the spread of inaccurate or misleading information on gasoline toxidty in nonscientific papers and in mass-media messages.

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Lack of Blood Formate Accumulation in Humans Following Exposure to Methanol Vapor at the Current Permissible Exposure Limit of 200 ppm

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

Breath, urine, and blood measurements as biological exposure indices of short-term inhalation exposure to methanol

Breath, urine, and blood measurements as biological exposure indices of short-term inhalation exposure to methanol

Scientific opinion on the evaluation of substances as acceptable previous cargoes for edible fats and oils

Potential Health Effects of Gasoline and Its Constituents: A Review of Current Literature (1990-1997) on Toxicological Data

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