LACK—a VoIP steganographic method

Mazurczyk, Wojciech; Lubacz, Józef

doi:10.1007/s11235-009-9245-y

Cited by 59 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Our proposed CTC technique shares the idea of utilizing timeouts with LACK, proposed in [6] and [7]. In LACK the contents of the late packet are modified and used as covert information carrier.…”

Section: Background On Utilizied Ctc Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While it has its origins in ancient times, it found a dramatic resurgence with the proliferation of the Internet. Several diverse methods of using exploiting this communication medium for hidden information exchange purposes are introduced and investigated in [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Based on the specific technique of how this covert communication is accomplished, it can be classified into three major categories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to these two major categories, papers such as [6] and [7] introduce covert communication methods that are a combination of storage and timing techniques. There, a given network packet is filled with covert data and sent intentionally late by the covert sender.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Achieving robustness and capacity gains in covert timing channels

Rezaei

Hempel

Shrestha

et al. 2014

2014 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-In this paper, we introduce a covert timing channel (CTC) algorithm and compare it to one of the most prevailing CTC algorithms, originally proposed by Cabuk et al. CTC is a form of covert channels -methods that exploit network activities to transmit secret data over packet-based networksby modifying packet timing. This algorithm is a seminal work, one of the most widely cited CTCs, and the foundation for many CTC research activities. In order to overcome some of the disadvantages of this algorithm we introduce a covert timing channel technique that leverages timeout thresholds. The proposed algorithm is compared to the original algorithm in terms of channel capacity, impact on overt traffic, bit error rates, and latency. Based on our simulation results the proposed algorithm outperforms the work from Cabuk et al., especially in terms of its higher covert data transmission rate with lower latency and fewer bit errors. In our work we also address the desynchronization problem found in Cabuk et al.'s algorithm in our simulation results and show that even in the case of the synchronization-corrected Cabuk et al. algorithm our proposed method provides better results in terms of capacity and latency.

show abstract

Section: Background On Utilizied Ctc Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Achieving robustness and capacity gains in covert timing channels

Rezaei

Hempel

Shrestha

et al. 2014

2014 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They discovered that a combination of information hiding solutions provides a capacity to covertly transfer about 2000 bits during the signalling phase of a connection and about 2.5 kbit/s during the conversation phase. In [31], a novel method called LACK (Lost Audio Packets Steganography) was introduced; it was later described and analysed in [29] and [26]. LACK relies on the modification of both: the content of the RTP packets, and their time dependencies.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using transcoding for hidden communication in IP telephony

Mazurczyk

Szaga

Szczypiorski

2012

Multimed Tools Appl

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The paper presents a new steganographic method for IP telephony called TranSteg (Transcoding Steganography). Typically, in steganographic communication it is advised for covert data to be compressed in order to limit its size. In TranSteg it is the overt data that is compressed to make space for the steganogram. The main innovation of TranSteg is to, for a chosen voice stream, find a codec that will result in a similar voice quality but smaller voice payload size than the originally selected. Then, the voice stream is transcoded. At this step the original voice payload size is intentionally unaltered and the change of the codec is not indicated. Instead, after placing the transcoded voice payload, the remaining free space is filled with hidden data. TranSteg proof of concept implementation was designed and developed. The obtained experimental results are enclosed in this paper. They prove that the proposed method is feasible and offers a high steganographic bandwidth while introducing small voice degradation. Moreover, TranSteg detection is difficult to perform when compared with existing VoIP steganography methods.

show abstract

“…for case of dependence of IR(t) on E(D|D>t) it is (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) where p E(D) and p E(D|D>t) denote LACK packet loss probability for both of above cases respectively. That is why call quality "gain" equals …”

Section: Dependence Of Ir(t) On Steganogram Size Under Limitation Ir(mentioning

confidence: 99%

On steganography in lost audio packets

Mazurczyk

Lubacz

Szczypiorski

2011

Security Comm Networks

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The paper presents a new hidden data insertion procedure based on estimated probability of the remaining time of the call for steganographic method called LACK (Lost Audio PaCKets steganography). LACK provides hidden communication for real-time services like Voice over IP. The analytical results presented in this paper concern the influence of LACK's hidden data insertion procedures on the method's impact on quality of voice transmission and its resistance to steganalysis. The proposed hidden data insertion procedure is also compared to previous steganogram insertion approach based on estimated remaining average call duration.

show abstract

LACK—a VoIP steganographic method

Cited by 59 publications

References 16 publications

Achieving robustness and capacity gains in covert timing channels

Achieving robustness and capacity gains in covert timing channels

Using transcoding for hidden communication in IP telephony

On steganography in lost audio packets

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About