Labour Market and Socio-Economic Outcomes of the Arab-Israeli Population

Abstract

www.oecd.org/els/workingpapersThis series is designed to make available to a wider readership selected labour market, social policy and migration studies prepared for use within the OECD. Authorship is usually collective, but principal writers are named. The papers are generally available only in their original language -English or French -with a summary in the other.Comment on the series is welcome, and should be sent to the Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, 2, rue André-Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16, France.The opinions expressed and arguments employed here are the responsibility of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the OECD. SUMMARYThe Arab-Israeli population age 15-64 in 2007 numbered 783.5 thousand and comprised 18.2% of the total Israeli population in this age group. The report analyzes current (2007 data) labour market outcomes, as well as trends over time, by various socio-demographic characteristics. It generally relates to the Arab population as a whole, selectively highlighting differences among sub-groups within the Arab population, such as Moslems, Christians, Druze and Bedouin. It also examines quality of employment indicators such as type of occupation and income from work, as well as indicators of job satisfaction and the perception of working in a field related to one's studies. This is of particular interest with respect to Arab-Israelis with academic degrees.Arab-Israelis have lower labour force participation and employment rates compared to Jews, which has a negative impact on their economic wellbeing. The gaps are not very large for men -65.6% (Arabs) compared with 70.8% (Jews) in participation, and 59.3% compared with 66.3% in employment, but are very large for women -22% vs. 68.2% in participation and 18.6% compared with 63.1% in employment.The report addresses some of the main factors that account for the labour market situation of ArabIsraelis: gaps in human capital (education, computer literacy, Hebrew proficiency); residence in the periphery where employment opportunities are more limited; traditional cultural restrictions on women; and discrimination in access to public resources on the one hand and in the practices of employers on the other. Two additional factors that are particularly affecting the trends over time are: the changes in the labour market as a result of the radical shift to a high-tech oriented economy and the phasing out of significant sectors of traditional industry, and the significant increase in the number of foreign workers in Israel, who in sectors such as agriculture and construction directly compete with less educated Arab workers.The report concludes with a description of recent initiatives that can help improve the labour market situation of Arab-Israelis. These include both general national initiatives targeted at disadvantaged groups and governmental and private sector initiatives focusing specifically on the Arab population. The latter include both programs to enhance labour market skills, and expand job opportunit...

O dilema da integração a partir da perspectiva do mercado de trabalho para os árabes-israelenses no estado de Israel

“…Assim, orquestrou-se o conflito que ocorreria na sequência. volveria o recém-criado Estado de Israel e as nações árabes (FISK, 2007;GATTAZ, 2003;PAPPÉ, 2016).…”

“…Assim, apesar de os estados árabes terem se unido para lutar pela Palestina e tentar impedir a efetivação do Estado de Israel, não obtiveram sucesso e foram derrotados. Como resultado imediato dessas ações, grande parte dos palestinos foi expulsa/exterminada de suas terras e Israel passou a controlar praticamente toda a região da Palestina, ampliando seu território gradualmente (GATTAZ, 2003;JOHNSON, 2008;PAPPÉ, 2016), o que poderia ser considerado, de acordo com Lendman (2016), o início do processo de concretização do projeto que o movimento sionista propunha historicamente. O "linha-dura" Ze'ev Jabotinsky se opôs à coexistência pacífica com os árabes, chamando-a de inatingível.…”