Laboratory validation of an integrative passive sampler for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water

Abstract

A passive sampler for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water has been developed which uses a porous organosilica adsorbent. Some performance characteristics, which remained incompletely answered after prior lab-and...

Field Evaluation of the Sentinel™ Integrative Passive Sampler for the Measurement of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Water Using a Modified Organosilica Adsorbent

“…Two ¼″ threaded mounting points allow for multiple modes of attachment and the device are shipped in standard 50 mL centrifuge tubes at 4 °C. Further details of the design of the sampler and laboratory testing results are presented in Hartmann et al (2021), Edmiston et al (2023), and SERDP project report for ER20-1127.…”

“…Each sampler was placed in a 50 mL conical centrifuge tube along with 15 mL of DI water containing isotopically labeled surrogates (50 ng each, Table S2) and mixed for 7 to 8 h on a platform shaker table. Note: 7 to 8 h incubation times were optimized to quantitively bind surrogates without desorption of analytes (Edmiston et al 2023). Samplers were removed from surrogate solution and residual liquid was spun off by centrifugation for 20 s at 1500 rpm.…”

“…Analytes included 19 PFAS that were a mix of short chain and long PFAS encompassing most of the priority EPA 537.1 list. Recently, we have measured R s values for additional PFAS on the EPA 1633 list (Edmiston et al 2023). Field data comparing passive samplers to paired discrete samples were used to confirm the accuracy of the laboratory derived R s values and make refinements.…”

“…The concentrations measured using a discrete (i.e., grab, spot, snapshot) sample reflect a momentary condition which may differ from a representative concentration needed to understand average contaminant mass discharge/load, long-term remedy performance, support risk assessment and exposure modeling, or for regulatory decision-making. As an alternative or complement to the use of discrete or composite samples, passive sampling is emerging as an environmental monitoring tool due to advantages of reduced cost and ability to provide time averaged data (Alvarez et al 2004;Stuer-Lauridsen 2005;Booij et al 2007;Taylor et al 2021;Edmiston et al 2023).…”

“…The aims of the study were to evaluate the performance and applicability of the sampler by assessing the precision/ accuracy of passive samples compared with grab samples, determining the ruggedness of the passive sampler design in field conditions, and validating an integrative response. In a separate work, we conducted a parallel laboratory study that demonstrated the passive sampler has an integrative response to most analytes for >90 days (Edmiston et al 2023) The study herein compared the results of passive sampler data compared with matched grab samples. Third party analysis of splits and duplicates of both water samples and passive samplers were also performed for cross-laboratory comparisons and assessing the ease of use and analysis.…”