Laboratory testing for infection with the human immunodeficiency virus: established and novel approaches

High False-positive Rate of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Rapid Serum Screening in a Predominantly Hispanic Prenatal Population

“…Several risk factors have been found [6][7][8][9] to predispose to falsepositive HIV ELISAs: autoimmune disease, renal failure, cystic fibrosis, multigravidity, blood transfusions, hepatic disorders, lymphomas, intravenous drug abuse, hemodialysis, or recent vaccinations for hepatitis B, rabies, or influenza. It is presumed that these conditions lead to a generalized immune stimulation that induces the production of anti-HLA-DR or other antibodies that crossreact with the HIV antigens of the ELISA assay.…”

Detection of HIV-1 P24 Gag in Plasma by a Nanoparticle-Based Bio-Barcode-Amplification Method

“…Keywords bio-barcode-amplification method; HIV-1; major core protein of HIV-1 (p24 Gag) Accurate diagnostic tests for HIV-1 have a key role in clinical care and the control of HIV/ AIDS [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Commonly used methods rely on the detection of antibodies to HIV-1 in plasma or sera [2,[7][8][9].…”

Pediatric HIV Testing Challenges in Resource Limited Settings

“…Specificity and sensitivity is reasonable and comparable to those of EIAs used for screening (Mylonakis et al, 2000).…”