Laboratory simulations of prebiotic molecule stability in the jarosite mineral group; end member evaluation of detection and decomposition behavior related to Mars sample return

Kotler, J. Michelle; Hinman, Nancy W.; Richardson, C. Doc; Conly, Andrew G.; Scott, Jill R.

doi:10.1016/j.pss.2009.06.019

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Martian brine solutions, both today and in the distant past, are believed to be Mg 2+ -rich and [SO 4 2À ]/[SO 4 2À + Cl À ]-rich (King et al, 2004;Mö hlmann & Thomsen, 2011). Uptake of glycine in natural (terrestrial) and synthetic jarosites has been investigated by Kotler et al (2008Kotler et al ( , 2009 and our objective here is to characterize compounds that may form by interaction of martian kieserite with glycinebearing aqueous solutions. These efforts will provide the means to detect such compounds on the martian surface, whether by in situ X-ray diffraction (as on the Curiosity rover) or by Raman spectroscopy (on the future ExoMars rover).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray and neutron powder diffraction analyses of Gly·MgSO₄·5H₂O and Gly·MgSO₄·3H₂O, and their deuterated counterparts

et al. 2016

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We have identified a new compound in the glycine-MgSO4-water ternary system, namely glycine magnesium sulfate trihydrate (or Gly·MgSO4·3H2O) {systematic name: catena-poly[[tetraaquamagnesium(II)]-μ-glycine-κ(2)O:O'-[diaquabis(sulfato-κO)magnesium(II)]-μ-glycine-κ(2)O:O']; [Mg(SO4)(C2D5NO2)(D2O)3]n}, which can be grown from a supersaturated solution at ∼350 K and which may also be formed by heating the previously known glycine magnesium sulfate pentahydrate (or Gly·MgSO4·5H2O) {systematic name: hexaaquamagnesium(II) tetraaquadiglycinemagnesium(II) disulfate; [Mg(D2O)6][Mg(C2D5NO2)2(D2O)4](SO4)2} above ∼330 K in air. X-ray powder diffraction analysis reveals that the trihydrate phase is monoclinic (space group P21/n), with a unit-cell metric very similar to that of recently identified Gly·CoSO4·3H2O [Tepavitcharova et al. (2012). J. Mol. Struct. 1018, 113-121]. In order to obtain an accurate determination of all structural parameters, including the locations of H atoms, and to better understand the relationship between the pentahydrate and the trihydrate, neutron powder diffraction measurements of both (fully deuterated) phases were carried out at 10 K at the ISIS neutron spallation source, these being complemented with X-ray powder diffraction measurements and Raman spectroscopy. At 10 K, glycine magnesium sulfate pentahydrate, structurally described by the `double' formula [Gly(d5)·MgSO4·5D2O]2, is triclinic (space group P-1, Z = 1), and glycine magnesium sulfate trihydrate, which may be described by the formula Gly(d5)·MgSO4·3D2O, is monoclinic (space group P21/n, Z = 4). In the pentahydrate, there are two symmetry-inequivalent MgO6 octahedra on sites of -1 symmetry and two SO4 tetrahedra with site symmetry 1. The octahedra comprise one [tetraaquadiglcyinemagnesium](2+) ion (centred on Mg1) and one [hexaaquamagnesium](2+) ion (centred on Mg2), and the glycine zwitterion, NH3(+)CH2COO(-), adopts a monodentate coordination to Mg2. In the trihydrate, there are two pairs of symmetry-inequivalent MgO6 octahedra on sites of -1 symmetry and two pairs of SO4 tetrahedra with site symmetry 1; the glycine zwitterion adopts a binuclear-bidentate bridging function between Mg1 and Mg2, whilst the Mg2 octahedra form a corner-sharing arrangement with the sulfate tetrahedra. These bridged polyhedra thus constitute infinite polymeric chains extending along the b axis of the crystal. A range of O-H...O, N-H...O and C-H...O hydrogen bonds, including some three-centred interactions, complete the three-dimensional framework of each crystal.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray and neutron powder diffraction analyses of Gly·MgSO₄·5H₂O and Gly·MgSO₄·3H₂O, and their deuterated counterparts

et al. 2016

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“…The search for organics in this soil sample has been thoroughly investigated using the Viking [ Navarro‐González et al , 2006] and Phoenix [ Navarro‐González et al , 2009] Lander protocols. We decided to use a natural soil sample rather than synthetic soil because it has been found that adding traces of organics to synthetic soils results in physicochemical properties of the sample that are different from those of native organics [ Kotler et al , 2009].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reanalysis of the Viking results suggests perchlorate and organics at midlatitudes on Mars

et al. 2010

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The most comprehensive search for organics in the Martian soil was performed by the Viking Landers. Martian soil was subjected to a thermal volatilization process to vaporize and break organic molecules, and the resultant gases and volatiles were analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Only water at 0.1–1.0 wt% was detected, with traces of chloromethane at 15 ppb, at Viking landing site 1, and water at 0.05–1.0 wt% and carbon dioxide at 50–700 ppm, with traces of dichloromethane at 0.04–40 ppb, at Viking landing site 2. These chlorohydrocarbons were considered to be terrestrial contaminants, although they had not been detected at those levels in the blank runs. Recently, perchlorate was discovered in the Martian Arctic soil by the Phoenix Lander. Here we show that when Mars‐like soils from the Atacama Desert containing 32 ± 6 ppm of organic carbon are mixed with 1 wt% magnesium perchlorate and heated, nearly all the organics present are decomposed to water and carbon dioxide, but a small amount is chlorinated, forming 1.6 ppm of chloromethane and 0.02 ppm of dichloromethane at 500°C. A chemical kinetics model was developed to predict the degree of oxidation and chlorination of organics in the Viking oven. Reinterpretation of the Viking results therefore suggests ≤0.1% perchlorate and 1.5–6.5 ppm organic carbon at landing site 1 and ≤0.1% perchlorate and 0.7–2.6 ppm organic carbon at landing site 2. The detection of organics on Mars is important to assess locations for future experiments to detect life itself.

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“…Despite this, there is a real impact at pH 1.75 on jarosite morphology, yield and crystallinity when amino acids are present and, from the group of amino acids investigated in this work, glycine in particular. Glycine impacts on morphology and yield the most while both glycine and proline are observed to significantly alter the lattice parameters, suggesting incorporation of these molecules into the structure as suggested by Kotler [23,24]. Induction time studies show nucleation is significantly inhibited when glycine is present suggesting that the other amino acids only impact on growth while glycine impacts on both nucleation and growth.…”

Section: Conclusion and Summarymentioning

confidence: 86%

“…There is very little literature on the effect of amino acids [23], though as discussed above there is some with regard to microbial impacts [5,6,[8][9][10]. From the work of Kotler [23,24], it was hypothesised that glycine might incorporate into the structure, however this was inferred from infrared evidence, which does not actually conclusively give information on incorporation. This is because movements in peak positions can be due to adsorption effects and may not relate to incorporation at all.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallization of jarosite in the presence of amino acids

Crabbe

Fernandez

Jones

2015

Journal of Crystal Growth

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a b s t r a c tJarosite was formed in the presence of five amino acids at two pHs, namely 1.75 and 2.9, to determine what impact amino acids have on its formation. It was found that at the lower pH glycine was the most potent in terms of morphological and yield impacts. XRD analysis showed that incorporation of the amino acid occurs at this low pH for glycine and proline. Dynamic light scattering studies showed that glycine impacts significantly on the jarosite nucleation rate while proline and alanine do not. At the higher pH all of the amino acids had much less impact on morphology or yield. At pH 3 the solids were found to be a 3-phase system consisting of goethite, schwertmannite and jarosite. In this case, alanine appeared to stabilise the presence of schwertmannite more than the other amino acids.

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Laboratory simulations of prebiotic molecule stability in the jarosite mineral group; end member evaluation of detection and decomposition behavior related to Mars sample return

Cited by 8 publications

References 51 publications

X-ray and neutron powder diffraction analyses of Gly·MgSO₄·5H₂O and Gly·MgSO₄·3H₂O, and their deuterated counterparts

X-ray and neutron powder diffraction analyses of Gly·MgSO₄·5H₂O and Gly·MgSO₄·3H₂O, and their deuterated counterparts

Reanalysis of the Viking results suggests perchlorate and organics at midlatitudes on Mars

Crystallization of jarosite in the presence of amino acids

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Laboratory simulations of prebiotic molecule stability in the jarosite mineral group; end member evaluation of detection and decomposition behavior related to Mars sample return

Cited by 8 publications

References 51 publications

X-ray and neutron powder diffraction analyses of Gly·MgSO4·5H2O and Gly·MgSO4·3H2O, and their deuterated counterparts

X-ray and neutron powder diffraction analyses of Gly·MgSO4·5H2O and Gly·MgSO4·3H2O, and their deuterated counterparts

Reanalysis of the Viking results suggests perchlorate and organics at midlatitudes on Mars

Crystallization of jarosite in the presence of amino acids

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Product

Resources

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X-ray and neutron powder diffraction analyses of Gly·MgSO₄·5H₂O and Gly·MgSO₄·3H₂O, and their deuterated counterparts

X-ray and neutron powder diffraction analyses of Gly·MgSO₄·5H₂O and Gly·MgSO₄·3H₂O, and their deuterated counterparts