Laboratory scale tests for the assessment of solid explosive blast effects. Part I: Free-field test campaign

“…Furthermore, the test data suggests that it is possible to produce reliable and highly consistent, repeatable results if test conditions are carefully controlled; the implications of which have recently been discussed by the current authors [12]. This is in agreement with findings from other researchers [18][19][20].…”

Section: Normal Reflectionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Angle of Incidence Effects on Far-Field Positive and Negative Phase Blast Parameters

Rigby

Fay

Tyas

et al. 2015

International Journal of Protective Structures

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“…Localised increases in reflected pressure can be seen in the HSV predictions for the 80 mm tests at a distance from the plate centre, x, of approximately 65 mm (θ = 40 • ) as a result of the Mach stem. The pressure increase 3 The apparent decrease in pressure at the centre of the plate in the 380 mm tests is as a result of averaging over a limited dataset (only 1 Hopkinson pressure bar per test, giving a total of 3 data points) rather than being a genuine physical feature of the loading distribution caused by the Mach Stem persists only for a short duration before being followed by a marked temporal decrease in pressure and rapid return to regular reflection conditions thereafter [43]. The disagreement between HPB and HSV pressures at 75 mm from the plate centre in Fig.…”

Section: Comparison To Directly Measured Peak Pressuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the well-established Kingery & Bulmash [1] scaled distance relationships, are largely derived from experiments conducted in the mid-20 th century [2]. Whilst these predictive methods have been shown to be highly accurate for geometrically simple far-field situations [3][4][5], blast parameter relationships in the nearfield are derived from very few experimental measurements [6] and are not able to accurately represent the complex situation that occurs in the early stages of an explosion [7,8]. Consequently, numerical analyses in this region demonstrate considerable deviation from semi-empirical predictions [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflected Near-field Blast Pressure Measurements Using High Speed Video

et al. 2020

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Background: The design and analysis of protective systems requires a detailed understanding of, and the ability to accurately predict, the distribution of pressure loads acting on an obstacle following an explosive detonation. In particular, there is a pressing need for accurate characterisation of blast loads in the region very close to a detonation, where even small improvised devices can produce serious structural or material damage. Objective: Accurate experimental measurement of these near-field blast events, using intrusive methods, is demanding owing to the high magnitudes (> 100 MPa) and short durations (< 1 ms) of loading. The objective of this article is to develop a non-intrusive method for measuring reflected blast pressure distributions using image analysis. Methods: This article presents results from high speed video analysis of nearfield spherical PE4 explosive blasts. The Canny edge detection algorithm is used to track the outer surface of the explosive fireball, with the results used to derive a velocity-radius relationship. Reflected pressure distributions are calculated using this velocity-radius relationship in conjunction with the Rankine-Hugoniot jump conditions. Results: The indirectly measured pressure distributions from high speed video are compared with directly measured pressure distributions and are shown to be in good qualitative agreement with respect to distribution of reflected pressures, and in good quantitative agreement with peak reflected pressures (within 10% of the maximum recorded value). Conclusions: The results indicate that it is possible to accurately measure blast loads in the order of 100s MPa using techniques which do not require sensitive recording equipment to be located close to the source of the explosion.

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“…In 2006, IrSN designed and built an experimental set-up to achieve non-destructive shock wave propagation studies on a small scale [1,2]. This set-up is composed of a modular table, sensors and targets able to perform the detonation of solid explosives up to 64 g of TNT equivalent, representing an alternative to the gas mixture detonation propagation configuration for small scale tests [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting explosion and blast effects: A multi-scale experimental approach

Trélat¹,

Sturtzer²

2019

Int. J. SAFE

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critical infrastructures protection evaluation when exposed to terroristic or accidental blast wave propagation represents a core topic of research for the French public institute IrSN and the French-german military research institute ISl. The Institute for radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IrSN) and the French-german research Institute of Saint louis (ISl) actively cooperate on the evaluation of pressure effects generated by blast wave propagating in hemispherical geometry. During the past few years, IrSN developed a significant experience on hemispherical blast effect assessment using 42g reference hexomax ® charges detonated in contact to a planar surface equipped with different types of pressure sensors (piezo-electric and piezo-resistive). based on this experience, ISl developed an outdoor blast-pad located at its own explosive range: 400g TNT equivalent charges are detonated in a factor 2 up-scaled version of IrSN test configuration. Similar sensors are flush-mounted inside a metallic rail integrated below the concrete pad surface. The objective of this joint work is to improve the knowledge on scaling laws for small plastic explosive charges (Semtex, c4 and hexomax ®) and their corresponding TNT equivalencies. To achieve this goal, TNT charges were produced at ISl in order to provide a direct, realistic and reproducible reference at the corresponding scale. In addition, the influence of the pressure gauge technology on the blast characteristics was studied and a methodology was developed to minimize this influence and provide guidelines for results comparison between research institutes. Finally, the pressure profiles were also analysed taking into account the fine structure of the shock interacting with the blast pad surface using high-speed imaging.

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Laboratory scale tests for the assessment of solid explosive blast effects. Part I: Free-field test campaign

Cited by 24 publications

References 5 publications

Angle of Incidence Effects on Far-Field Positive and Negative Phase Blast Parameters

Angle of Incidence Effects on Far-Field Positive and Negative Phase Blast Parameters

Reflected Near-field Blast Pressure Measurements Using High Speed Video

Predicting explosion and blast effects: A multi-scale experimental approach

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