Laboratory-Scale Investigation of UV Treatment of Ammonia for Livestock and Poultry Barn Exhaust Applications

Rockafellow, Erin M.; Kozieł, Jacek A.; Jenks, William S.

doi:10.2134/jeq2010.0536

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Near-UV light (often called UV-A) that is sufficient for photocatalysis is also not appropriate for long-term skin exposure but is otherwise the most benign. The most common photocatalyst is nano-particulate TiO 2 , which is chosen for its relatively broad application, comparatively high efficiency, durability, lack of toxicity, and low cost (Hashimoto et al, 2005;Zaleska, 2008;Rockafellow et al, 2012;Schneider et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot-Scale Testing of UV-A Light Treatment for Mitigation of NH3, H2S, GHGs, VOCs, Odor, and O3 Inside the Poultry Barn

Lee

Kozieł

et al. 2020

Front. Chem.

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Poultry farmers are producing eggs, meat, and feathers with increased efficiency and lower carbon footprint. Technologies to address concerns about the indoor air quality inside barns and the gaseous emissions from farms to the atmosphere continue to be among industry priorities. We have been developing and scaling up a UV air treatment that has the potential to reduce odor and other gases on the farm scale. In our recent laboratory-scale study, the use of UV-A (a less toxic ultraviolet light, a.k.a. "black light") and a special TiO 2-based photocatalyst reduced concentrations of several important air pollutants (NH 3 , CO 2 , N 2 O, O 3) without impact on H 2 S and CH 4. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to (1) scale up the UV treatment to pilot scale, (2) evaluate the mitigation of odor and odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and (3) complete preliminary economic analyses. A pilot-scale experiment was conducted under commercial poultry barn conditions to evaluate photocatalyst coatings on surfaces subjected to UV light under field conditions. In this study, the reactor was constructed to support interchangeable wall panels and installed on a poultry farm. The effects of a photocatalyst's presence (photocatalysis and photolysis), UV intensity (LED and fluorescent), and treatment time were studied in the pilot-scale experiments inside a poultry barn. The results of the pilot-scale experiments were consistent with the laboratory-scale one: the percent reduction under photocatalysis was generally higher than photolysis. In addition, the percent reduction of target gases at a high light intensity and long treatment time was higher. The percent reduction of NH 3 was 5-9%. There was no impact on H 2 S, CH 4 , and CO 2 under any experimental conditions. N 2 O and O 3 concentrations were reduced at 6-12% and 87-100% by both photolysis and photocatalysis. In addition, concentrations of several VOCs responsible for livestock odor were reduced from 26 to 62% and increased with treatment time and light intensity. The odor was reduced by 18%. Photolysis treatment reduced concentrations of N 2 O, VOCs, and O 3 , only. The initial economic analysis has shown that LEDs are more efficient than fluorescent lights. Further scale-up and research at farm scale are warranted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot-Scale Testing of UV-A Light Treatment for Mitigation of NH3, H2S, GHGs, VOCs, Odor, and O3 Inside the Poultry Barn

Lee

Kozieł

et al. 2020

Front. Chem.

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“…Photocatalysis: There is a growing interest in using photocatalysis for the treatment of odor and gases from livestock operations [31,32]. Studies have been carried out on odorous VOCs [33][34][35]; NH 3 and GHGs [36][37][38][39][40]. To date, most studies focused on lab-scale treatments except those of Guarino et al [36] and Costa et al [37], carried out at a swine barn.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

VOC Removal from Manure Gaseous Emissions with UV Photolysis and UV-TiO2 Photocatalysis

et al. 2020

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Control of gaseous emissions from livestock operations is needed to ensure compliance with environmental regulations and sustainability of the industry. The focus of this research was to mitigate livestock odor emissions with UV light. Effects of the UV dose, wavelength, TiO2 catalyst, air temperature, and relative humidity were tested at lab scale on a synthetic mixture of nine odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and real poultry manure offgas. Results show that it was feasible to control odorous VOCs with both photolysis and photocatalysis (synthetic VOCs mixture) and with photocatalysis (manure offgas). The treatment effectiveness R (defined as % conversion), was proportional to the light intensity for synthetic VOCs mixtures and followed an order of UV185+254 + TiO2 > UV254 + TiO2 > UV185+254; no catalyst > UV254; no catalyst. VOC conversion R > 80% was achieved when light energy was >~60 J L−1. The use of deep UV (UV185+254) improved the R, particularly when photolysis was the primary treatment. Odor removal up to ~80% was also observed for a synthetic VOCs mixture, and actual poultry manure offgas. Scale-up studies are warranted.

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“…Typical examples of the end-of-pipe solution are the use of biofilters (Chen, Hoff, Cai, Koziel, & Zelle, 2009;Chen et al, 2008) and scrubbers. Ultraviolet light (UV) can be considered as both end-ofpipe (treating exhaust air from barns) and a source-based (e.g., for improvement of indoor air quality; inside the barn) (Costa, Chiarello, Selli, & Guarino, 2012;Guarino, Costa, & Porro, 2008;Maurer & Koziel, 2019;Rockafellow, Koziel, & Jenks, 2012;Zhu, Koziel, & Maurer, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Photocatalysis is commonly facilitated with nanoparticulate titanium dioxide (TiO 2), a material that is considered efficient, stable, reasonably durable and cost-efficient (Hashimoto, Irie, & Fujishima, 2005;Schneider et al, 2014;Zaleska, 2008). Novel materials for TiO2-based photocatalysis can improve the efficiency of photolytic UV-A treatment, as shown in the context of swine production (Maurer & Koziel, 2019;Rockafellow et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of UV-A Light Treatment on Ammonia in Lab-Scale

Lee¹,

Wi²,

Kozieł³

et al. 2020

2020 ASABE Annual International Virtual Meeting, July 13-15, 2020

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Gaseous emissions, a side effect of livestock and poultry production, need to be mitigated to improve sustainability. Emissions of odorous gases like ammonia (NH3) have a detrimental effect on the environment. We are building on previous research to bring advanced oxidation technologies from the lab to the farm. To date, we have shown that ultraviolet A (UV-A) has the potential to mitigate selected odorous gases in the swine production. Much less research on emissions mitigation has been conducted in the poultry production. Thus, the study objective was to investigate whether the UV-A can mitigate NH3 that is a surrogate gas for the odor in the simulated poultry barn environment. The effects of several variables were tested on a lab-scale: the presence of photocatalyst, relative humidity, treatment time, and dust accumulation under two different light intensities (fluorescent and light-emitting diode, LED). The results provide evidence that photocatalysis with TiO2 coating and UV-A light can reduce NH3 concentration. The particular % reduction depends on the presence of photocatalysts, relative humidity (RH), light type (intensity), treatment time, and dust accumulation on the photocatalyst surface. The mitigation of NH3 varied from 2.6-18.7% and was affected by RH and light intensity. The % reduction of NH3 was the highest at 12% RH and increased with treatment time and light intensity. The % reduction of NH3 decreased with the accumulation of poultry dust. The results warrant scaling up to a pilot-scale where the technology could be evaluated with economic analyses. This conference paper is a shorter version of the peer-reviewed journal paper.

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Laboratory-Scale Investigation of UV Treatment of Ammonia for Livestock and Poultry Barn Exhaust Applications

Cited by 25 publications

References 25 publications

Pilot-Scale Testing of UV-A Light Treatment for Mitigation of NH3, H2S, GHGs, VOCs, Odor, and O3 Inside the Poultry Barn

Pilot-Scale Testing of UV-A Light Treatment for Mitigation of NH3, H2S, GHGs, VOCs, Odor, and O3 Inside the Poultry Barn

VOC Removal from Manure Gaseous Emissions with UV Photolysis and UV-TiO2 Photocatalysis

Effects of UV-A Light Treatment on Ammonia in Lab-Scale

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