Laboratory investigation of microbiologically influenced corrosion of C1018 carbon steel by nitrate reducing bacterium Bacillus licheniformis

Xu, Dake; Li, Yingchao; Song, Fang; Gu, Tingyue

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2013.07.044

Cited by 306 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Most studies have focused on the corrosive effects of sulfatereducing bacteria (SRB), but other physiological groups such as thiosulfate-reducing bacteria (40), nitrate-reducing bacteria (41)(42)(43)(44), acetogenic bacteria (45), and methanogenic archaea (38,39,(46)(47)(48)(49) have also been implicated in iron corrosion. Still, the physiological group of environmental microorganisms with a suggested key role in the anaerobic corrosion of iron consists of the SRB (5,6,50,51), which are widespread in many natural as well as engineered aquatic environments.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion of Iron by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria: New Views of an Old Problem

Enning

Garrelfs

2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

662

414

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About a century ago, researchers first recognized a connection between the activity of environmental microorganisms and cases of anaerobic iron corrosion. Since then, such microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) has gained prominence and its technical and economic implications are now widely recognized. Under anoxic conditions (e.g., in oil and gas pipelines), sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are commonly considered the main culprits of MIC. This perception largely stems from three recurrent observations. First, anoxic sulfate-rich environments (e.g., anoxic seawater) are particularly corrosive. Second, SRB and their characteristic corrosion product iron sulfide are ubiquitously associated with anaerobic corrosion damage, and third, no other physiological group produces comparably severe corrosion damage in laboratory-grown pure cultures. However, there remain many open questions as to the underlying mechanisms and their relative contributions to corrosion. On the one hand, SRB damage iron constructions indirectly through a corrosive chemical agent, hydrogen sulfide, formed by the organisms as a dissimilatory product from sulfate reduction with organic compounds or hydrogen ("chemical microbially influenced corrosion"; CMIC). On the other hand, certain SRB can also attack iron via withdrawal of electrons ("electrical microbially influenced corrosion"; EMIC), viz., directly by metabolic coupling. Corrosion of iron by SRB is typically associated with the formation of iron sulfides (FeS) which, paradoxically, may reduce corrosion in some cases while they increase it in others. This brief review traces the historical twists in the perception of SRB-induced corrosion, considering the presently most plausible explanations as well as possible early misconceptions in the understanding of severe corrosion in anoxic, sulfate-rich environments. E ver since its first production roughly 4,000 years ago, iron has played a central role in human society due to its excellent mechanical properties and the abundance of its ores. Today, iron is used in much larger quantities than any other metallic material (1) and is indispensable in infrastructure, transportation, and manufacturing. A major drawback is the susceptibility of iron to corrosion. Corrosion of iron and other metals causes enormous economic damage. Across all industrial sectors, the inferred costs of metal corrosion have been estimated to range between 2% and 3% of gross domestic product (GDP) in developed countries (2, 3). These costs are to a large extent caused by corrosion of iron, due to its abundant use and particular susceptibility to oxidative damage. Estimates of the costs attributable to biocorrosion of iron lack a computed basis so that they vary widely, and definite numbers cannot be given with certainty. Still, microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) probably accounts for a significant fraction of the total costs (4-7), and, due to its effects on important infrastructure in the energy industry (such as oil and gas pipelines), costs in the range of billions of...

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confidence: 99%

Corrosion of Iron by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria: New Views of an Old Problem

Enning

Garrelfs

2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

662

414

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“…Xu et al [22] reported that Bacillus licheniformis, a ubiquitous bacterium that is also found in oil field biofilm consortia, pits more aggressively in their lab experiments than typical SRB. This means nitrate injection in reservoir souring mitigation should be metered carefully to avoid unspent nitrate in the transport lines, which can serve as the terminal electron acceptor for MIC.…”

Section: Mechanistic Modeling Of Mic Due To Srb and Apbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This means the microbe will deliberately maintain the enzyme levels for the MIC process because of the energy payback. This is known as Type I MIC mechanism that has a direct bioenergetic benefit to the biofilm [22]. The Type II MIC mechanism is the attack by secreted metabolites such as organic acids.…”

Section: Mechanistic Modeling Of Mic Due To Srb and Apbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Modeling of the Possibility of Acid Producing Bacteria Causing Fast Pitting Biocorrosion

Gu¹

2014

J Microb Biochem Technol

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Biocorrosion, also known as microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), is caused by various corrosive biofilms. So far, laboratory experimental MIC pitting tests in the published literature have overwhelmingly focused on sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) that use sulfate as the terminal electron acceptor because SRB and sulfate are often found at anaerobic pitting sites. Many laboratory pure-culture SRB pitting corrosion data have been reported and they are often less than or not much greater than 1 mm/year. There are also some limited data available for nitrate reducing bacteria (NRB) that use nitrate or nitrite as the terminal electron acceptor. Dedicated laboratory studies are lacking on anaerobic corrosion by acid producing bacteria (APB) that undergo anaerobic fermentation instead of anaerobic respiration in the absence of an external terminal electron acceptor such as sulfate and nitrate. Failures in pipelines carrying crude oil and produced water purportedly due to MIC have been reported in the literature. Some point to very high pitting corrosion rates (as high as 10 mm/year) that are much higher than the short-term laboratory MIC pitting corrosion rates for SRB. The pipeline failure cases discussed in this work occurred in relatively low sulfate conditions. This work explored the possibility of very high MIC pitting corrosion rates due to free organic acids (represented by acetic acid) and acidic pH corrosion through mechanistic modeling to show that APB biofilms are capable of very fast MIC pitting while mass transfer limitation on sulfate diffusion from the bulk-fluid phase to the biofilm cannot support very fast pitting caused by sulfate reduction in a low sulfate concentration environment. More efforts should be devoted to MIC by APB instead of focusing too much on SRB.

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“…Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a major problem in many industries, such as oil and gas. According to Xu et al [14] many attacks of anaerobic MIC can be classified by two types based on the two anaerobic metabolisms: respiration and fermentation. Therefore, the mechanism of SRB involves microorganisms that perform an aerobic respiration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Microstructure on Hydrogen Diffusion in Weld and API X52 Pipeline Steel Base Metals under Cathodic Protection

Souza

Pereira

Starling

et al. 2017

International Journal of Corrosion

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The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of microstructure on hydrogen permeation of weld and API X52 base metal under cathodic protection. The microstructures analyzed were of the API X52, as received, quenched, and annealed, and the welded zone. The test was performed in base metal (BM), quenched base metal (QBM), annealed base metal (ABM), and weld metal (WM). Hydrogen permeation flows were evaluated using electrochemical tests in a Devanathan cell. The potentiodynamic polarization curves were carried out to evaluate the corrosion resistance of each microstructure. All tests were carried out in synthetic soil solutions NS4 and NS4 + sodium thiosulfate at 25 ∘ C. The sodium thiosulfate was used to simulate sulfate reduction bacteria (SRB). Through polarization, assays established that the microstructure does not influence the corrosion resistance. The permeation tests showed that weld metal had lower hydrogen flow than base metal as received, quenched, and annealed.

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Laboratory investigation of microbiologically influenced corrosion of C1018 carbon steel by nitrate reducing bacterium Bacillus licheniformis

Cited by 306 publications

References 20 publications

Corrosion of Iron by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria: New Views of an Old Problem

Corrosion of Iron by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria: New Views of an Old Problem

Theoretical Modeling of the Possibility of Acid Producing Bacteria Causing Fast Pitting Biocorrosion

Effect of Microstructure on Hydrogen Diffusion in Weld and API X52 Pipeline Steel Base Metals under Cathodic Protection

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