Laboratory Evaluation of the Toxicity of Proteus, Pymetrozine, Deltamethrin, and Pirimicarb on Lady Beetle Hippodamia Variegata (Goeze) (Col.: Coccinellidae)

Abstract

Abstract:The implementation of an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program requires selecting and using chemicals which are least harmful to natural enemies. In this study, the acute toxicity of the recommended field concentration of four conventional insecticides was evaluated in reference to the different life stages (L 3 , L 4 and adult) of the variegated lady beetle Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). The evaluated insecticides were Proteus, pymetrozine, deltamethrin, and pirimicarb. A completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications was used as the experimental design. The means were separated by the least significant difference (LSD). The mortalities of those predators treated with the field recommended concentrations of various insecticides, were significantly different. Proteus showed strong toxicity toward the different life stages of the predator. However, pymetrozine and pirimicarb caused less than a 50% mortality. Based on the lethal concentration (LC 50 ) values at 24 h after treatment, the adult predator was the most susceptible to proteus, followed by deltamethrin, pymetrozine, and pirimicarb values of 35.977, 358.757, 915.667, and 2616.113. Based on sublethal concentrations (LC 30 ), these values were 22.718, 261.957, 569.879, and 1521.424. Based on International Organization of Biological Control (IOBC) classification, the insecticides pirimicarb and pymetrozine were both categorized as having a Class 1 toxicity level (harmless), deltamethrin as having a Class 2 level (slightly harmful), and Proteus, a Class 4 toxicity level (harmful).

Efficacy of some chemical insecticides and plant extracts combined with Bacillus thuringiensis against Phthorimaea operculella

“…Proteus (Proteus ® ) exhibits both systemic and contact effects, allowing its active ingredients to protect new areas in the plant. The insecticide is a combination of thiacloprid and deltamethrin (Almasi et al, 2013). Deltamethrin (Decis ® ) is a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide that kills insects through contact and stomach action.…”

Identification and Characterization of CYP9A40 from the Tobacco Cutworm Moth (Spodoptera litura), a Cytochrome P450 Gene Induced by Plant Allelochemicals and Insecticides

“…Outbreaks of S. litura are mainly attributed to its ability to adapt to a wide array of host plants and development of resistance to commonly applied insecticides [ 5 , 6 ]. S. litura can tolerate in its diet considerable amounts of plant allelochemicals or pesticides [ 5 , 7 ]. Quercetin is a typical plant allelochemical produced by many host plants frequently attacked by S. litura , while cinnamic acid is rarely encountered by S. litura larvae [ 4 ].…”

“…By a practical point of view, quercetin has a good potential for use as biocontrol agent against S. litura larvae . Deltamethrin [ 7 ] is a pyrethroid (class II) and methoxyfenozide [ 8 ] is a diacylhydrazine insecticide. For S. litura control, deltamethrin and methoxyfenozide are mainly used as larvicidal or adulticidal agents [ 5 , 6 ].…”

“…For S. litura control, deltamethrin and methoxyfenozide are mainly used as larvicidal or adulticidal agents [ 5 , 6 ]. Deltamethrin and methoxyfenozide show strong contact and stomach toxicity for insects [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Compatibilidad de Aphidius ervi (Haliday) parasitoide del vector de virosis en hortícolas Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) y Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens), depredador generalista, con nuevas barreras físicas selectivas y modernos plaguicidas en cultivos de lechuga

“…Deltametrina es un insecticida de amplio espectro que puede afectar notablemente a los parasitoides de áfidos, entre otros, caudsandoles mortalidades cercanas al 100% (Longley et al, 1997) y una reducción de la longevidad y capacidad de orientación y dispersión en los adultos supervivientes (Desneux , 2006). Disminuye el número de crías hembras de Aphidius uzbekistanicus (Krespi et al, 1997); es ligeramente tóxico para E. mundus (Fernández et al, 2015) y larvas L3, L4 y adultos de Hippodamia variegata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) (Almasi et al, 2013). En nuestros ensayos exhibió una mortalidad del 100 % en A. ervi, a las 72 horas de haberse aplicado.…”