Identification and Characterization of CYP9A40 from the Tobacco Cutworm Moth (Spodoptera litura), a Cytochrome P450 Gene Induced by Plant Allelochemicals and Insecticides

Abstract

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) of insects play crucial roles in the metabolism of endogenous and dietary compounds. Tobacco cutworm moth (Spodoptera litura), an important agricultural pest, causes severe yield losses in many crops. In this study, we identified CYP9A40, a novel P450 gene of S. litura, and investigated its expression profile and potential role in detoxification of plant allelochemicals and insecticides. The cDNA contains an open reading frame encoding 529 amino acid residues. CYP9A40 transcripts were found to be accumulated during various development stages of S. litura and were highest in fifth and sixth instar larvae. CYP9A40 was mainly expressed in the midgut and fat body. Larval consumption of xenobiotics, namely plant allelochemicals (quercetin and cinnamic acid) and insecticides (deltamethrin and methoxyfenozide) induced accumulation of CYP9A40 transcripts in the midgut and fat OPEN ACCESSInt. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16 22607 body. Injection of dsCYP9A40 (silencing of CYP9A40 by RNA interference) significantly increased the susceptibility of S. litura larvae to the tested plant allelochemicals and insecticides. These results indicate that CYP9A40 expression in S. litura is related to consumption of xenobiotics and suggest that CYP9A40 is involved in detoxification of these compounds.

CYP4BN6 and CYP6BQ11 mediate insecticide susceptibility and their expression is regulated by Latrophilin in Tribolium castaneum

“…Obviously, exposure to dichlorvos or carbofuran increased the expression of TcCYP4BN6 and TcCYP6BQ11 , but knocking these genes down prior to insecticide exposure led to even higher mortalities, implying that the roles of these two CYP proteins in T. castaneum are likely be protective. TcCYP4BN6 and TcCYP6BQ11 are known as members of the CYP family that are associated with insecticide metabolic detoxification, and increasing the expression of these CYP genes would be expected to decrease the toxicity of dichlorvos and carbofuran through oxidation–reduction reactions that occur during the metabolism of insecticide molecules, which could be considered a type of insecticide resistance . As a result, increasing the metabolic conversion of insecticides into less harmful substances and facilitating insecticide excretion through CYP genes are known to play significant roles in insects' defenses against insecticides .…”

“…TcCYP4BN6 and TcCYP6BQ11 are known as members of the CYP family that are associated with insecticide metabolic detoxification, 70 and increasing the expression of these CYP genes would be expected to decrease the toxicity of dichlorvos and carbofuran through oxidation-reduction reactions that occur during the metabolism of insecticide molecules, which could be considered a type of insecticide resistance. 71 As a result, increasing the metabolic conversion of insecticides into less harmful substances and facilitating insecticide excretion through CYP genes are known to play significant roles in insects' defenses against insecticides. 31 Our results do not completely exclude the possibility that additional enzymes, such as other CYP enzymes capable of metabolizing dichlorvos and carbofuran, are involved in detoxifying these toxic compounds in red flour beetles.…”

Genomic adaptation to polyphagy and insecticides in a major East Asian noctuid pest

“…2a, middle panel). CYP9a is reported to be inducible by xanthotoxin in S. litura 25 and S. exigua 26 . Other P450 clan 3 expansions (CYP337a1 and a2, CYP6ae9 and CYP6b29, and CYP321b1) were also induced by the toxin treatments ( Supplementary Fig.…”

Transcriptome analysis of molecular mechanism to pyrethroids resistance in Spodoptera litura

“…Furthermore, the expression level of CYP3, CYP12 and CYP14, which were annotated as CYP321A8, CYP6AE43 and CYP6AB31, respectively, showed good correlation with pyrethroids resistance level among GX, CZ, NJ, LF and JD populations. CYP321A8 and CYP6AB31 could be induced by deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively, and had high expression level in midgut and fat body [20][21][22]. CYP6AE43 of S. frugiperdacould only be detected in the midgut and malpighian tubules [23].However, there is building evidence that the key tissues for the metabolism of most compounds are midgut, malpighian tubules and fat body [23][24].…”