Laboratory evaluation of methanolic extract of Atlantia monophylla (Family: Rutaceae) against immature stages of mosquitoes and non-target organisms

Abstract

The problems of high cost and development of resistance in many vector mosquito species to several of the synthetic insecticides have revived interest in exploiting the pest control potential of plants ( Grainge & Ahamed 1988). In addition to application as general toxicants against mosquito immature, phytochemicals may also have potential uses as growth and reproduction inhibitors, repellents, and oviposition deterrents. Plants belonging to six families: Asteraceae, Cladophoraceae, Labiatae, Meliaceae, Oocystaceae, and Rutaceae appear to have potential for providing future mosquito control agents (Sukumar et al. 1991). Atlantia monophylla belonging to family Rutaceae has been earlier reported for insecticidal activity against pests of agricultural importance (Grainge & Ahamed 1988, Sukumar et al. 1991, but there has been no report on its activity against public health pests. The plant is available year round in Pondicherry, India. A study was therefore undertaken to test the extract of this plant for its efficacy against immature stages of selected mosquito species. stock solution was added to 249 ml of tap water in a 500 ml enamel bowl. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preparation of stock solution of plant extract -Effects on target species -Larvicidal and pupicidal activities of the methanolic extracts of A. monophylla were determined by following the standard procedure (WHO 1975). Twenty early fourth instar larvae and 20 pupae of three vector mosquito species, Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles stephensi, and Aedes aegypti (obtained from the cyclic colony that has been maintained for the past 24 years at the Centre) were transferred to 249 ml of tap water taken in 500 ml bowls. Five replicates were set up for each test concentration and the plant extract was tested at concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 5 mg/l with two replicates of control with addition of 1 ml of acetone alone to 249 ml of tap water. Bioassay was conducted at room temperature 27 ± 3 o C with 85% relative humidity. In the case of experiment for determining pupicidal activity, the mouth of each bowl containing pupae was covered with muslin cloth to prevent the escape of any emerged adult mosquitoes. Mortality in larvae/pupae was recorded 24 h posttreatment.Insect growth regulating (IGR) activity -Methanolic extract of A. monophylla was also tested for IGR activity against the three mosquito species. Twenty early third instar larvae of the three species were transferred into 500 ml enamel bowls containing 249 ml of tap water. The plant extract was tested at concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 2 mg/l. Each test concentration was replicated five times. Two replicates of control were also maintained. Mortality of the larvae and pupae was recorded at 24 h intervals. Observation was continued in treated and control bowls until the last immature pupated. The treated and untreated bowls containing pupae were kept separately in one-foot cages for adult emergence. Morphological abnormalities in pupae and adults and partially emerged adults were recorded as ...

Green-Synthesized Mosquito Oviposition Attractants and Ovicides: Towards a Nanoparticle-Based “Lure and Kill” Approach?

“…The effect of non-target organisms was assessed following the method by Sivagnaname and Kalyanasundaram [26]. The effect of aqueous extract and AgNPs of the potential plant was tested against adults of the non-target organisms A. bouvieri, D. indicus, and G. affinis.…”

Antioxidant activities of black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens

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Ovicidal and repellent activities of botanical extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae)

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