Laboratory Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia

Abstract

The emergence and rapid proliferation of Coronavirus Disease-2019, throughout the past year, has put an unprecedented strain on the global schema of health infrastructure and health economy. The time-sensitive agenda of identifying the virus in humans and delivering a vaccine to the public constituted an effort to flatten the statistical curve of viral spread as it grew exponentially. At the forefront of this effort was an exigency of developing rapid and accurate diagnostic strategies. These have emerged in various forms over the past year—each with strengths and weaknesses. To date, they fall into three categories: (1) those isolating and replicating viral RNA in patient samples from the respiratory tract (Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests; NAATs), (2) those detecting the presence of viral proteins (Rapid Antigen Tests; RATs) and serology-based exams identifying antibodies to the virus in whole blood and serum. The latter vary in their detection of immunoglobulins of known prevalence in early-stage and late-stage infection. With this review, we delineate the categories of testing measures developed to date, analyze the efficacy of collecting patient specimens from diverse regions of the respiratory tract, and present the up and coming technologies which have made pathogen identification easier and more accessible to the public.

Changing of therapeutic trends between the 1st and 2nd wave did not reduce COVID-19 related mortality of renal transplant recipients: a national registry study

“…Shortage in diagnosis assays during the first pandemic wave resulted in the fact that only symptomatic patients were tested to confirm clinically or radiologically suspected COVID-19 21,22 . As the result of enhanced availability of these assays along the year 2020, asymptomatic COVID-19 were identified during the second wave 21 .…”

“…Shortage in diagnosis assays during the first pandemic wave resulted in the fact that only symptomatic patients were tested to confirm clinically or radiologically suspected COVID-19 21,22 . As the result of enhanced availability of these assays along the year 2020, asymptomatic COVID-19 were identified during the second wave 21 . Furthermore, from January 2021 onward anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines became available, reducing the risk of severe COVID-19 and contributing to the resolution of the second pandemic wave.…”

“…Five imputed data sets were generated and analyses were performed on each of them. Then, the results were combined using the Rubin rules 19 to obtain average values. To assess risk factors for mortality, Cox proportional hazard univariable and multivariable models were built.…”

A Novel Rapid Test to Detect Anti-SARS-CoV-2 N Protein IgG Based on Shear Horizontal Surface Acoustic Wave (SH-SAW)

“…From the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020 to the present, the number of coronavirus cases has exceeded 219 million. There is an urgent need for a rapid and accurate coronavirus detection method [24][25][26]. The objective of this study was to develop a novel SH-SAW-based biosensor coated with SARS-CoV-2 N protein and measure SARS-CoV-2 antibody in rabbit serum using SAW technology.…”

Synergic Role of Dexamethasone And Lianhua Qingwen Capsule Accelerate Nucleic Acid Negative Conversion In Severe COVID-19 Patients

“…It has affected more than two hundred million patients globally. The diagnosis of COVID-19 is usually determined by a positive result of the viral nucleic acid test (NAT) from routine nasopharyngeal/ pharyngeal swab specimens, sometimes other body uids, secretions, and excreta [1,2]. All patients with positive viral RNA detection need to be isolated.…”