Laboratory detection methods for methicillin resistance in coagulase negative Staphylococcus isolated from ophthalmic infections

Oliveira, Adália Dias Dourado; d’Azevedo, Pedro Alves; Sousa, Luciene Barbosa de; Viana-Niero, Cristina; Francisco, Waldemar; Lottenberg, Claudio Luiz; Martino, Marinês Dalla Valle; Höfling-Lima, Ana Luísa

doi:10.1590/s0004-27492007000400018

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 55 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…7,13,14 The MR in frequently isolated staphylococci from ocular infections is a serious problem due to the difficulty in making appropriate treatment with antibiotics commonly used in ophthalmology. And also because associated with the MR is the cross-resistance to all beta-lactamics and to other antibiotics, such as cephalosporins, quinolones, and aminoglycosides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6 Oliveira et al reported that coagulase-negative methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus had in vitro resistance to multiple antibiotics used in ophthalmology. 7 Bacteria susceptibility to antimicrobials varies according to the socioeconomic factors at the individual and national levels either in developing or industrialized countries. 8 Emergence of resistant Staphylococcus from the conjunctiva is of great concern, because its virulence is related to the clinical outcome of ocular infections like keratitis or endophthalmitis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Antibiotic Susceptibility of Staphylococci Isolates from Patients with Chronic Conjunctivitis: Including Associated Factors and Clinical Evaluation

Blanco

Núñez²

2013

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose: To determine species of staphylococci in chronic conjunctivitis, their antibiotic susceptibility pattern, patient treatments, clinical course, and clinical conditions. Methods: In this prospective study, 243 conjunctival cultures were taken from 191 patients with chronic conjunctivitis, we obtained staphylococci susceptibility patterns with E-test, and they were analyzed in coagulasepositive and negative. The minimum inhibitory concentration for 90% of isolates (MIC90) was determined for Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Additionally, clinical follow-up and associated factors of all patients were analyzed depending on methicillin resistance (MR) or susceptibility (MS) bacterial state. Results: One hundred and eight (44%) cultures were positive; 81 positive cultures were Gram-positive of which, 77 were staphylococci, 29 coagulase-positive with S. aureus as the most prevalent, 89% MS, and 11% MR. And 48 were coagulase-negative with S. epidermidis as the most isolated with 36% of MS and 64% of MR. Poor susceptibility was found in the staphylococcus coagulase-negative/MR group. Moxifloxacin and vancomycin show the best in vitro activity for all isolates. The MIC90 of moxifloxacin and vancomycin were 0.064/1.5, 0.64/3.0, and 1/3.0 for S. aureus-MS, S. epidermidis-MS, and S. epidermidis-MR, respectively. The most frequently associated factors found in patients with positive culture for staphylococcus were exposure to the health care system 23 (29.87%) of 77 patients and dry eye 23 (29.87%) of 77 patients. Both with a proportion of 3 in 10. Conclusion: Coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most frequently isolated from the conjunctiva with 58.33% of MR; even though multiresistance was detected, their susceptibility to a fourth-generation fluoroquinolone, commonly used, such as moxifloxacin, was preserved.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Susceptibility of Staphylococci Isolates from Patients with Chronic Conjunctivitis: Including Associated Factors and Clinical Evaluation

Blanco

Núñez²

2013

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This was a cross-sectional study in which the retrospective sample size was calculated by using PS software (Dupont & Plummer, 1997) using Dichotomous based on the sensitivity of the E-test and PCR at 100% and 98% respectively [41,42]. The Research and Ethics Committee, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, approved the study protocol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pentaplex PCR assay for the rapid detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Panton-Valentine Leucocidin

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundStaphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), which causes a wide range of hospital and community-acquired infections worldwide. Conventional testing for detection of MRSA takes 2–5 days to yield complete information of the organism and its antibiotic sensitivity pattern.ResultsThe present study focused on the development of a pentaplex PCR assay for the rapid detection of MRSA. The assay simultaneously detected five genes, namely 16S rRNA of the Staphylococcus genus, femA of S. aureus, mecA that encodes methicillin resistance, lukS that encodes production of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), a necrotizing cytotoxin, and one internal control. Specific primer pairs were successfully designed and simultaneously amplified the targeted genes. The analytical sensitivity and specificity of the pentaplex PCR assay was evaluated by comparing it with the conventional method. The analytical sensitivity of the pentaplex PCR at the DNA level was found to be 10 ng DNA. The analytical specificity was evaluated with 34 reference staphylococci and non-staphylococcal strains and was found to be 100%. The diagnostic evaluation of MRSA carried out using 230 clinical isolates, showed 97.6% of sensitivity, 99.3% of specificity, 98.8% of positive predictive value and 98.6% of negative predictive value compared to the conventional method. The presence of an internal control in the pentaplex PCR assay is important to exclude false-negative cases.ConclusionThe pentaplex PCR assay developed was rapid and gave results within 4 h, which is essential for the identification of Staphylococcus spp., virulence and their resistance to methicillin. Our PCR assay may be used as an effective surveillance tool to survey the prevalence of MRSA and PVL-producing strains in hospitals and the community.

show abstract

“…The prevalence of methicillin resistance has been reported greater in CoNS than in S. aureus, with rates ranging globally from 75% to 90% during the 1990s [14]. Most resistance to oxacillin in staphylococci is mediated by the mecA gene, which codes for the production of a supplemental penicillin-binding protein, which has a low affinity for b-lactam antibiotics [22]. Thus, they are clinically considered cefazolin resistant [27,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Bone and Serum Cefazolin Concentrations Adequate for Antimicrobial Prophylaxis?

Yamada

Matsumoto

Tokimura

et al. 2011

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Antimicrobial prophylaxis is considered beneficial for preventing surgical-site infections in clean orthopaedic surgery. However, whether tissue concentrations of cefazolin achieve the minimum inhibitory concentration for the targeted contaminants have yet to be clarified. Questions/purposes We asked whether 2 g of cefazolin would enable effective serum and bone concentrations relative to the current minimum inhibitory concentration for cefazolin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. Patients and Methods We enrolled 43 patients (THA, n = 16; TKA, n = 27) scheduled for primary THAs and primary TKAs. Subjects were given 2 g of cefazolin intravenously before incision. One blood sample and two bone samples were collected from each subject before tourniquet deflation before any additional dose. All samples were assayed at the same laboratory. Minimum inhibitory concentration values were defined based on nationwide surveys. Results Mean (± standard deviation) serum concentration was 170.3 ± 51.3 lg/mL (range, 99.3-370.3 lg/mL). Mean bone concentration was 32.3 ± 15.2 lg/g (range, 11.4-70.0 lg/g) in THA, and 16.0 ± 10.4 lg/g (range, 6.3-46.3 lg/g) in TKA. All serum and bone concentrations exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentration for methicillin-sensitive S. aureus, but some serum levels were marginal and no bone levels exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentration for cefazolin-resistant coagulasenegative Staphylococcus. Conclusions Our data suggest intravenous administration of 2 g of cefazolin achieves the minimum inhibitory concentration for methicillin-sensitive S. aureus in serum and bone, but not the minimum inhibitory concentration for cefazolin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus in bone, resulting in a potential risk of deep surgical site infections in THAs and TKAs.

show abstract

Laboratory detection methods for methicillin resistance in coagulase negative Staphylococcus isolated from ophthalmic infections

Cited by 10 publications

References 55 publications

Antibiotic Susceptibility of Staphylococci Isolates from Patients with Chronic Conjunctivitis: Including Associated Factors and Clinical Evaluation

Antibiotic Susceptibility of Staphylococci Isolates from Patients with Chronic Conjunctivitis: Including Associated Factors and Clinical Evaluation

A pentaplex PCR assay for the rapid detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Panton-Valentine Leucocidin

Are Bone and Serum Cefazolin Concentrations Adequate for Antimicrobial Prophylaxis?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About