LABORATORY AND FIELD EVALUATION OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM Cymbopogon nardus AS OVIPOSITION DETERRENT AND OVICIDAL ACTIVITIES AGAINST Helicoverpa armigera Hubner ON CHILI PEPPER

Abstract

The fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner) is one of the key pests of chili pepper in Indonesia. Yield loss due to this insect pest may reach up to 60%. Chemical treatment for controlling this insect pest is ineffective and eventually leads to environmental pollution. More environmentally safe insecticides are developed based on natural plant ingredients as their active compound such as essential oils. This study aimed to assess the potential of citronella oil for managing H. armigera on chili pepper. The experiments were conducted at the Indonesian A field experiment was designed in a randomized complete block design with five treatments and replicated five times. Citronella oil was extracted by steam distillation from Cymbopogon nardus. The oil was then chemically characterized by using GC-MS and its efficacy (ovicidal and feeding deterrent) against H. armigera was tested both in laboratory and field conditions. The GC-MS result showed that major chemical compounds of the citronella oil used were citronella (35.97%), nerol (17.28%), citronellol (10.03%), geranyle acetate (4.44%), elemol (4.38%), limonene (3.98%), and citronnellyle acetate (3.51%). The laboratory experiment revealed that the highest concentration (4,000 ppm) of citronella oil reduced egg laying by 53-66%. Ovicidal activity was concentration dependent, and egg hatchability decreased by 15-95% compared to control. The field experiment showed that treatment of citronella oil at 2.0 mL L -1 significantly reduced fruit damage by H. armigera similar to the plots treated with spinosad at the recommended dose (60 g ai ha -1 ). Application of citronella oil significantly reduced fruit damage by 72% and increased quality of the chili pepper. Because oviposition and feeding deterrent properties are key factors in controlling the pest, therefore this study revealed that citronella oil has potential to be incorporated into the controlling program of H. armigera on chili pepper.

Steam temperature control of essential oil extraction system using Fuzzy-Fopi controller

“…This data also indicated the difference between citronella attribute that was extracted at different temperature, even though both data were lower than that specified by the BS ISO 3849:2003 which requires refractive index of 1.479 to 1.490. [24][25][26]. However, the composition of the sample was much higher than the range specified by ISO 3849:2003 for citronellal (7.0%-11.5%), geraniol (3.0%-8.5%) and citronellol (4.0%-7.0%).…”

THE EFFECT OF ESSENTIAL OIL MIXTURES ON MORTALITIES AND OVIPOSITION DETERRENTS OF Crocidolomia pavonana AND Helopeltis antoniierrents Of Crocidolomia Pavonana And Helopeltis Antonii

“…However, Setiawati et al (2011) revealed citronella oil consisted of 34 components with the major components were citronella (35.97%), nerol (17.28%), and citronellol (10.03%). As for clove oil, it contained seven components with the main components were eugenol (77.54%).…”

“…The application of citronella oil on chili pepper plants could inhibit egg laying and hatching of Heliothis armigera in laboratory. Futhermore, the application of citronella oil in the field reduced fruit damage of chili pepper as well as increased the yield (Setiawati et al 2011). Citronella oil at 5 ml.l -1 also was able to hamper the level of Dasynus piperis attack on pepper plantation in Bangka.…”

“…The effective repellency (ER) for each EOs was calculated with formula as follow (Setiawati et al 2011). …”

Pengelolaan Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan Utama Pada Budidaya Cabai Merah di Dataran Tinggi

“…Menurut Gunaeni & Wulandari (2010), kehilangan hasil akibat serangan penyakit virus CMV berkisar antara 18,3 -98,6%. Serangan hama ulat buah Helicoverpa armigera mengakibatkan kehilangan hasil hingga 60% (Setiawati et al 2011), sementara penyakit antraknos dapat menyebabkan kerusakan buah hingga 100% (Suryaningsih & Suhardi 1993). Sejak awal 2003 terjadi epidemi serangan virus gemini pada pertanaman cabai merah di berbagai daerah di Indonesia, yang mengakibatkan panen cabai merah mengalami gagal panen, sehingga harga cabai merah melonjak, sementara petani merugi milyaran rupiah (Duriat 2008, Setiawati et al 2007).…”