“…Although different variations of network DEA models have been proposed ( Kao, 2014 ), the vast majority of studies considers two-stages. Regarding innovation and R&D efficiency, two-stage DEA models have been discussed by Cai and Hanley (2012), Cullmann et al (2011), Lv (2011), Wu, Zhou, and Liang (2010 and Chun, Woo, Seo, and Ko (2015) . Other approaches focus on the dynamic efficiency evaluation of innovation systems ( Kou, Chen, Wang, & Shao, 2016 ) or the characteristics of networkbased innovation systems ( Choi, Sang-Hyun, & Cha, 2013;Garcia & Chavez, 2014 ).…”