“…Countries with established HSI programmes, in particular, Canada, the US, Australia have equally decentralised labor markets that are prone to promote open door policies. In contrast, new immigration countries without any clear HSI policies are characterised by relatively unorganised employers focusing on low-skilled workers, and lack of involvement by the state (Almosova, 2014;Cerna, 2014). The interest of non-English speaking countries, such as France and Germany, in offshoring their higher education abroad, often via the implementation of programmes in English, but with the strict goal of promoting their national languages, is important for attracting HSI in the future (Levatino, 2015).…”