SYNOPSIS A simple method for assessing thyroid status is described in which the percentage of radioactive thyroxine dialysed through a semi-permeable membrane between plasma samples is estimated. The results compare favourably with other tests in vitro.Two factors which influence thyroid status are the plasma content of thyroid hormone (mainly thyroxine) and the binding capacity of the thyroxinebinding protein; these dispose the quantity of thyroxine available to the tissues. Unfortunately neither protein-bound iodine or plasma thyroxine (Ekins, 1960) nor thyroxine-binding protein capacity (Robbins, 1956) are very simple to estimate as a routine. The quantity of thyroxine not bound to protein, or available, is too small to be estimated directly. By the addition of a small trace of 1311-labelled thyroxine to plasma it is possible to estimate the proportion of total thyroxine which is free, or available, by dialysis from plasma to buffer solution (Sterling and Hegedus, 1962) and this has been found to give a good indication of thyroid status. The technique is, however, somewhat exacting since the proportion of thyroxine 1311 which is dialysable from plasma to buffer is exceedingly small, owing to the high affinity of thyroxine-binding protein for thyroxine. It is easier to estimate the proportion of a trace of 1311 thyroxine which is dialysable in a given time across a semi-permeable membrane separating two plasma samples (Christensen, 1959