Lab-on-Fiber Nanoprobe with Dual High-Q Rayleigh Anomaly-Surface Plasmon Polariton Resonances for Multiparameter Sensing

Abstract

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based sensing is an attractive approach for realizing lab-on-fiber nanoprobes. However, simultaneous measurement of multiple parameters (e.g., refractive index and temperature) with SPR-based nanoprobes, although highly desirable, is challenging. We report a lab-on-fiber nanoprobe with dual high-Q Rayleigh anomaly (RA)-surface plasmon polariton (SPP) resonances for multiparameter sensing. To achieve high-Q RA-SPP resonance the nanoprobe employs a plasmonic crystal cavity enhanced by distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) gratings on the end-face of a single-mode optical fiber. By tailoring the grating periods of the plasmonic crystal cavity and DBRs, two spatially separated high-Q RA-SPP resonance modes are designed within a 50 nm spectral range in C + L band. The fabricated nanoprobe demonstrates two RA-SPP resonances near 1550 nm with high Q-factors up to 198. These two high-Q resonances are further showed to exhibit distinctive responses to the changes of refractive index and temperature, which enables simultaneous measurements of both parameters. The proposed lab-on-fiber nanoprobes will pave the way for realizing compact multiparameter sensing solutions compatible with optical communication infrastructures.

Thermal deformation of gold nanostructures and its influence on surface plasmon resonance sensing

“…These nanostructure geometries have been used for SPR sensing. For example, square nanopatch arrays with a high duty-cycle were recently reported for Rayleigh anomaly (RA)-based sensing, 33 and circular nanohole arrays with around 45% of duty-cycle were used for SPP-based sensing. 34 Fig.…”

“…Details on the operation principle of the on-fiber plasmonic crystal cavity and its application for SPR sensing were reported previously. 33,35,36 The periodicities of the fabricated Au nanopatch array are 1030 nm for the cavity, 525 nm for the DBR, and 900 nm for the separation between the cavity and DBR, respectively, and the gap size is 70 nm for all the regions [ Fig. 6b and d ].…”

Optical meta-waveguides for integrated photonics and beyond

“…d SEM images of the fiber facet-integrated metamaterial dispersive gratings 107 . e Multiparameter nanoprobe using a plasmonic crystal cavity on fiber end-face 254 . f Metalens on photonic crystal (PhC) fiber facet: schematics and SEM images of the meta-structures 100 .…”

“…Lab-on-fiber nanoprobes using in plane integrated distributed Bragg reflectors on the end-face of a single-mode optical fiber is also reported, enabling the excitation of two spatially separated high-Q resonance modes (Fig. 5e) 254 . Figure 5f shows the first focusing optical meta-tip made by directly patterning a gold meta-lens on the facet of a photonic crystal fiber 100 .…”

Multifunctional integration on optical fiber tips: challenges and opportunities

“…Therefore, every alteration at the sensor surface, such as changing the RI, temperature, or the binding of molecules, results in the resonant wavelength(s) shifting. According to this principle, numerous optical fiber-based RI sensors for the quantitative analysis of chemical reactions and biological interactions have been demonstrated, based on arrays of metallic nanodisks, 87 nanodots, 86,113 nanoholes, 76,77,175,176,[244][245][246] nanoslits and nanogratings, 95,174,[247][248][249] nanopillars and nanorods, 250,251 nanorings, 89 nanotrimers, 252 and metal-dielectric nanocrystals. 88,112,121 For example, Jia et al 174 constructed plasmonic optical fibers by transferring patterned metal nanostructures onto optical fiber endfaces, which showed narrow linewidths (6.6 nm) and a high figure of merit (60.7).…”