“…Introduction: The French State, the Army, and the school For a lengthy period, the French State used two institutions to build ideal bodies, ideal behaviours, and thus ideal citizens according to the dominant definition of Frenchness: the Army and the school (Girardet, 1998;Mayeur, 1973;Thiesse, 1997). Throughout most of the Third Republic (1870Á 1939), both were compulsory for both boys and men; for their part, girls were only shaped Á or let's say educated Á through school.…”